| Line 4: |
Line 4: |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | ==Non-infectious arthritis== | + | ==[[Non-Infectious Arthritis]]== |
| | | | |
| − | *No causative agent has been found
| |
| − | *Seem to be immune-mediated diseases
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ===Erosive===
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ====Rheumatoid arthritis====
| |
| − | *Occurs in the dog, mainly smaller breeds
| |
| − | *Uncommon
| |
| − | *Progressive erosive polyarthritis
| |
| − | *Mostly involves elbows, stifles, carpal and tarsal joints
| |
| − | *Grossly:
| |
| − | **Marked villus hypertrophy of synovial membrane
| |
| − | **Cartilage erosion
| |
| − | **[[Musculoskeletal Terminology - Pathology|Pannus and periarticular osteophyte]] formation
| |
| − | **In severe cases ankylosis
| |
| − | *Histologically:
| |
| − | **Hyperplasia of lining cells
| |
| − | **Proliferative synovitis
| |
| − | **Synovial membrane has fibrin deposits
| |
| − | **Lymphoid and plasma cell infiltration
| |
| − | **Surrounding haemorrhagic areas
| |
| − | **Macrophages containing [[Pigmentation - Pathology#Haemosiderin|haemosiderin]]
| |
| − | **Connective tissue may contain foci of necrosis
| |
| − | **Areas of erosion of peripheral articular cartilage and underlying subchondral bone
| |
| − | *Pathogenesis:
| |
| − | **May involve deposition of immune complexes within joints
| |
| − | **Substances degrading cartilage are released by synovial cells and macrophages involved in pannus formation
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ===Non-erosive===
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ====Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)====
| |
| − |
| |
| − | *Occurs in dogs
| |
| − | *Clinical signs:
| |
| − | **Anaemia
| |
| − | **Thrombocytopaenia
| |
| − | **[[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Myositis|Polymyositis]]
| |
| − | **[[Kidney Glomerular Disease - Pathology#Glomerulonephritis|Glomerulonephritis]]
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ====In chronic diseases====
| |
| − |
| |
| − | *E.g. pyometra, otitis externa, [[Endocarditis|endocarditis]], [[:Category:Intestine - Inflammatory Pathology|enteritis]]
| |
| − | *Can lead to immune complex deposition in joints
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ====Gout====
| |
| − |
| |
| − | *Occurs in humans, reptiles and birds (have no uricase enzyme)
| |
| − | *The urate triggers inflammation
| |
| − |
| |
| − | [[Category:Arthritis]]
| |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | [[Category:Joints - Pathology]] | | [[Category:Joints - Pathology]] |