Difference between revisions of "Brachyspira pilosicoli"
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
| − | '''''Brachyspira pilosicoli''''' is a | + | [[File:Brachyspira pilosicoli.jpg|200px|right|thumb|''Brachispira pilosicoli'' in culture, stained by Gram stain.]] |
| + | '''''Brachyspira pilosicoli''''' is a Gram-negative, spiral shaped bacterium. It is an anaerobic [[Spirochaetes|spirochaete]], closely related to ''[[Brachyspira hyodysenteriae]]''. The bacterium is loosely coiled and is 6-11µm long (see image). It is only weakly haemolytic in contrast to ''B. hyodysenteriae''. | ||
| − | The bacterium may have '''8-12 flagellae''', inserted at either pole of the cell and | + | The bacterium may have '''8-12 internalised flagellae''', inserted at either pole of the cell between the inner and outer membranes. The outer membrane contains '''lipopolysaccharide''' (endotoxin). This pathogen can also cause '''zoonotic''' disease in people. |
| − | |||
| − | This pathogen can also cause '''zoonotic | ||
==Lifecycle== | ==Lifecycle== | ||
| − | Infection of ''B.pilosicoli'' is acquired via '''ingestion of contaminated faeces | + | Infection of ''B.pilosicoli'' is acquired via '''ingestion of contaminated faeces'''. Once in the Alimentary tract, the spiral rotating motion allows the bacterium to move through the mucus in the intestine and thus reach and invade its target cells in the large intestine. The organism remains '''infective for long periods in organic matter''' but is '''inactivated by sunlight'''. |
The pathogen has been isolated from '''dogs, birds, mice and humans'''. Dogs are thought to be a source of infection for people. | The pathogen has been isolated from '''dogs, birds, mice and humans'''. Dogs are thought to be a source of infection for people. | ||
| − | == | + | ==Diseases== |
| − | + | ''B. pilosicoli'' is the cause of '''[[Porcine Intestinal Spirochaetosis|porcine intestinal spirochaetosis]]''' which is a much milder disease than the [[Swine Dysentery|swine dysentery]] caused by ''[[Brachyspira hyodysenteriae]]''. | |
| − | + | The presence of the spirochaetes in diarrhoeal faeces is not itself diagnostic because related, but non-pathogenic, species may be present. | |
| − | == | + | ==Pathogenesis== |
| − | ''B. pilosicoli'' | + | The '''attachment''' of ''B. pilosicoli'' to epithelial cells of colonic mucosa causes oedema, shedding of epithelial cells, haemorrhage and leucocyte infiltration and leading to '''malabsorption'''. The invasion of goblet cells can also lead to '''secretory [[diarrhoea]]'''. |
| − | + | '''Toxins and proteins''' released by B. pilosicoli have '''haemolytic and cytotoxic effects'''. Its membranous '''LPS''' also contains an endotoxin (lipid A). | |
{{Learning | {{Learning | ||
| Line 46: | Line 45: | ||
<br><br><br> | <br><br><br> | ||
| − | {{ | + | {{Andrew Rycroft |
| + | |date = January 4, 2012}} | ||
[[Category:Brachyspira_and_Serpulina]] | [[Category:Brachyspira_and_Serpulina]] | ||
[[Category:Pig Bacteria]] | [[Category:Pig Bacteria]] | ||
[[Category:Zoonoses]] | [[Category:Zoonoses]] | ||
| − | [[Category:CABI Expert Review]] | + | [[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]] |
Revision as of 16:40, 4 January 2012
| Brachyspira pilosicoli | |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Spirochaetes |
| Class | Spirochaetes |
| Order | Spirochaetales |
| Family | Brachyspiraceae |
| Genus | Brachyspira |
| Species | B. pilosicoli |
Introduction
Brachyspira pilosicoli is a Gram-negative, spiral shaped bacterium. It is an anaerobic spirochaete, closely related to Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. The bacterium is loosely coiled and is 6-11µm long (see image). It is only weakly haemolytic in contrast to B. hyodysenteriae.
The bacterium may have 8-12 internalised flagellae, inserted at either pole of the cell between the inner and outer membranes. The outer membrane contains lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin). This pathogen can also cause zoonotic disease in people.
Lifecycle
Infection of B.pilosicoli is acquired via ingestion of contaminated faeces. Once in the Alimentary tract, the spiral rotating motion allows the bacterium to move through the mucus in the intestine and thus reach and invade its target cells in the large intestine. The organism remains infective for long periods in organic matter but is inactivated by sunlight.
The pathogen has been isolated from dogs, birds, mice and humans. Dogs are thought to be a source of infection for people.
Diseases
B. pilosicoli is the cause of porcine intestinal spirochaetosis which is a much milder disease than the swine dysentery caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae.
The presence of the spirochaetes in diarrhoeal faeces is not itself diagnostic because related, but non-pathogenic, species may be present.
Pathogenesis
The attachment of B. pilosicoli to epithelial cells of colonic mucosa causes oedema, shedding of epithelial cells, haemorrhage and leucocyte infiltration and leading to malabsorption. The invasion of goblet cells can also lead to secretory diarrhoea.
Toxins and proteins released by B. pilosicoli have haemolytic and cytotoxic effects. Its membranous LPS also contains an endotoxin (lipid A).
| Brachyspira pilosicoli Learning Resources | |
|---|---|
 Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions |
B. pilosicoli Flashcards |
 Search for recent publications via CAB Abstract (CABI log in required) |
Brachyspira pilosicoli publications |
References
Hirsh, D. C., Maclachan, N. J., Walker, R. L (2004) Veterinary Microbiology 2nd ed.. Pp:131-133. Wiley-Blackwell, London.
|
This article was originally sourced from The Animal Health & Production Compendium (AHPC) published online by CABI during the OVAL Project. The datasheet was accessed on 11 June 2011. |
 |
This article has been expert reviewed by Prof Andrew Rycroft BSc (Hons), PhD, C.Biol., FSB, FRCPath Date reviewed: January 4, 2012 |