Difference between revisions of "Sodium and Water Deficiency"

Latest revision as of 17:17, 17 October 2013

Known as "salt depletion".
The effects of the sodium (and therefore chloride) loss predominate.
- There is clinically detectable dehydration.

Gastro-intestinal disorders.
- Vomiting and diarrhoea.
Gut crises.
- Intestinal obstruction.
- Torsions.
- Ruminal/ abomasal impaction.
Excessive and prolonged sweating.
- Heat exhaustion.
Renal disease.
- Nephritis.
- May also be associated with diabetes mellitus toxicity.
Severe haemorrhage or burns.
- Result in severe plasma losses.

Loss of sodium and chloride reduces the osmolality of extracellular fluid.
- There is a simultaneous loss of water.
Water is transferred from the ECF to cells.
- Cells over-hydrate and may rupture.
ECF volume falls.
- Resultis in haemoconcentration and peripheral circulatory failure.
Renal involvement may become significant.

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 * Renal involvement may become significant.
-===Water Excess===
-* Known as "water intoxication".
-====Causes====
-* Results from induced hypo-osmolality, e.g.
-** Excessive administration of water to previously deprived animals.
-** Administration of large volumes of water to animals with acute renal failure.
-====Effects====
-* The ECF osmolality is reduced.
-* Water is transferred to the cells and they become "water-logged".
-** Intracellular oedema in the CNS results in convulsions and death.
 [[Category:Vascular Fluid]]
 [[Category:Cardiology Section]]