Difference between revisions of "Thyroid Gland Flash Cards - Anatomy & Physiology"
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+ | <center>''In order to reveal an answer, highlight the bulleted area using your mouse.''</center> | ||
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+ | {| border="3" cellpadding="8" | ||
+ | !width="250"|'''Question''' | ||
+ | !width="500"|'''Answer''' | ||
+ | !width="50"|'''Article''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<big>Describe embryological origin of the Thyroid Gland. | ||
+ | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
+ | *The thyroid gland is a downgrowth from the pharyngeal endoderm of the developing tongue. | ||
+ | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Answer article]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<big>Describe the location of the thyroid gland, it's closely associated structures and anatomical landmarks. | ||
+ | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
+ | *The thyroid gland is adjacent to the cranial part of the trachea, closely associated with the Parathyroid Glands which may be within or close to the thyroid gland itself. | ||
+ | *Close to the thyroid gland are the ''Sternohyoid'' and ''Sternothyroid'' muscles, the ''recurrent laryngeal'' nerve and the ''carotid sheath''. | ||
+ | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Answer article]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<big>Describe the blood supply and venous drainage of the Thyroid Gland. | ||
+ | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
+ | *Supply = Cranial Thyroid Artery and Caudal Thyroid Artery | ||
+ | *Venous Drainage = Thyroid Vein (leading to Internal Jugular Vein). | ||
+ | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Answer article]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<big>The Thyroid gland consists of various sized follicles. What is the name of the cells which line the lumen of the follicles, and what is their function? | ||
+ | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
+ | * Follicular Cells - these synthesize thyroglobulin in their golgi apparatus. Thyroglobulin is a glycoprotein consisting of 70 linked ''tyrosine'' molecules and is the source of thyroid hormones. | ||
+ | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Answer article]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<big>Label the following histological section: | ||
+ | [[Image:ThyroidGlandFlashCard1.jpg|left|thumb|250px|©RVC 2008]] | ||
+ | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
+ | *A = Connective Tissue Capsule | ||
+ | *B = Thyroid Follicles | ||
+ | *C = Connective Tissue Septum | ||
+ | *D = Blood Vessels in Capsule. | ||
+ | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology Gallery|Answer Article]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<big>Which Letter represents the location of the C-Cells of the Thyroid Gland, and what is their function? | ||
+ | [[Image:ThyroidGlandFlashCard.jpg|left|thumb|250px|©RVC 2008]] | ||
+ | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
+ | *A represents the C Cells. | ||
+ | *The C-Cells (aka Parafollicular Cells) produce Calcitonin, a hormone which acts to lower the plasma calcium level. | ||
+ | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Ultrastructure and Histology|Answer Article]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<big>Define and describe the process of ''Iodide Trapping''. | ||
+ | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
+ | *Iodide trapping is the process by which Iodide molecules (I-) are concentrated in the colloid at a level up to 250x greater than the plasma level. | ||
+ | *The Na+/I- symport in the basal membrane of the follicular cells moves the iodine from the plasma, into the cell. From here is is transported into the colloid. | ||
+ | *The follicular cells and the pumps function in response to Thyroid Stimulating Hormone from the Pituitary Gland. | ||
+ | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Iodine Uptake|Answer Article]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<big>Name the three hormones produced in the thyroid gland and describe how they are transported around the body? | ||
+ | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
+ | *Hormones: Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4) and Reverse T3. | ||
+ | *Thyroid hormones are lipid soluble, thus require a binding protein in order to travel in the bloodstream. Thyroid Binding Globulin caries 70-80% of the circulating hormone, with Thyroxine Binding Pre-Albumin, and Albumin carrying the remainder. | ||
+ | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Transport|Answer article]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<big>What are Hormone A and Hormone B in this schematic diagram of the Hypothalamic - Pituitary - Thyroid Axis: | ||
+ | [[Image:ThyroidGlandFlashCard3.jpg|left|thumb|250px]] | ||
+ | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
+ | *Hormone A = TRH - Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone | ||
+ | *Hormone B = TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (Thyrotropin) | ||
+ | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Regulation|Answer article]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<big>Decribe the effects that T3 and T4 have on the following systems/physiological mechanisms: | ||
+ | *Musculoskeletal System | ||
+ | *Carbohydrate metabolism | ||
+ | *Fat metabolism | ||
+ | *Basal Metabolic Rate | ||
+ | *Cardiovascular System | ||
+ | *Nervous System | ||
+ | *Alimentary System | ||
+ | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
+ | *'''Musculoskeletal system''' - Thyroid hormone promotes bone growth | ||
+ | *'''Carbohydrate metabolism''' - Thyroid hormone stimulates glucose uptake, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis | ||
+ | *'''Fat metabolism''' - Thyroid hormone mobilises lipids from adipose stores. Accelerates oxidation of lipids to produce energy (occurs within mitochondria). Increases size and number of mitochondria. | ||
+ | *'''Basal Metabolic Rate''' (BMR) - Thyroid hormone causes and increase in BMR in all tissues except brain, spleen, gonads. Results in increased heat production, increased oxygen consumption. | ||
+ | *'''Cardiovascular actions''' - Thyroid hormone increases Cardiac output, heart rate and contractility. | ||
+ | *'''Nervous system''' - thyroid hormones are required for development of this system. They also enhance the sympathetic nervous system (by increasing epinephrine receptors). | ||
+ | *'''Alimentary System''' - Thyroid hormone increases appetite and feed intake, increases secretion of pancreatic enzymes and increases motility. | ||
+ | ||[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology#Thyroid Hormone Actions|Answer article]] | ||
+ | |} |
Revision as of 16:47, 3 September 2008
|
Question | Answer | Article |
---|---|---|
Describe embryological origin of the Thyroid Gland. |
|
Answer article |
Describe the location of the thyroid gland, it's closely associated structures and anatomical landmarks. |
|
Answer article |
Describe the blood supply and venous drainage of the Thyroid Gland. |
|
Answer article |
The Thyroid gland consists of various sized follicles. What is the name of the cells which line the lumen of the follicles, and what is their function? |
|
Answer article |
Label the following histological section: |
|
Answer Article |
Which Letter represents the location of the C-Cells of the Thyroid Gland, and what is their function? |
|
Answer Article |
Define and describe the process of Iodide Trapping. |
|
Answer Article |
Name the three hormones produced in the thyroid gland and describe how they are transported around the body? |
|
Answer article |
What are Hormone A and Hormone B in this schematic diagram of the Hypothalamic - Pituitary - Thyroid Axis: |
|
Answer article |
Decribe the effects that T3 and T4 have on the following systems/physiological mechanisms:
|
|
Answer article |