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Musculoskeletal Words

• Sarcolemma - cell membrane of the muscle fiber, containing a plasma membrane and an outer coat of polysaccharide conaining collagen fibrils; fuses with tendon fiber at the end of the muscle fiber
• Z disc passes in the transverse plane across the myofibril to attach successive myofibrils together, enabling muscle cells to act as a syncitium and giving skeletal muscle its classic striated appearance
• Sarcomere the portion of the myofibril that lies between two successive Z discs
• Sarcoplasm fills spaces between myofibrils, containing potassium, magnesium, and phosphate
• Sarcoplasmic Reticulum specialy organized reticula to control muscle contraction, site of calcium ion storage

Dermatology Words

• Acantholysis - loss of cohesion between cells of living epidermis, especially stratum spinosum
• Acanthosis - hyperplasia of stratum spinosum
• Adnexa - cutaneous appendages - hair, claws, glands
• Alopecia - abscence of hair in an area where it is normally present
• Anagen - growth phase of hair cycle
• Comedo - plugged and dilated hair follicle
• Crust - accumulation of solid exudate on skin surface, serocellular or haemorrhagic
• Epidermal collarettes - peeling edge of epithelium surrounding an ulcer or erosion
• Erosion - superficial ulcer involvng only epidermis, heals without scarring
• Erythema - reddening of skin caused by congestion of capillaries
• Furunculosis - rupture of hair follicles with severe inflammation
• Hyperkeratosis - increased thickness of stratum spinosum
• Lichenification - thickeningof skin superficial layers with exaggerated crevices
• Macule - circumscribed change in skin colour < 1cm in diameter
• Papule - solid elevation of skin, <1cm in diameter
• Parakeratosis - abnormal cornification, keratinocytes retain their nuclei
• Paronychia - inflammation of tissue fold around nail bed
• Patch - macule > 1cm in diameter
• Plaque - flet topped swelling > 1cm in diameter
• Pustule - small circumscribed elevation containing pus
• Scale - fragments of stratum corneum
• Scar - fibrous tissue area that replaced damaged dermis or subcutaneous tissue
• Telogen - resting phase of hair cycle
• Ulcer - break in epidermis with exposed underlying dermis
• Urticaria - vascular reaction in dermis, consists of transient wheals
• Vesicle - blister <1cm in diameter

Pathology Words

• Encephalo- - Of the Brain
• Meningo - Of the Meninges
• Myelo- - Of the spinal cord
• Leuko- - Of the white matter
• Polio- - Of the grey matter
• Encephalitis - Inflammation of the brain
• Meningitis - Inflammation of the Meninges
• Meningoencephalitis - Inflammation of the brain and meninges
• Myelitis - Inflammation of the Spinal Cord
• Ganglioradiculitis - Inflammation of cranial and spinal ganglia and roots
• Polyradiculoneuritis - Inflammation of multiple spinal or cranial nerve roots
• Malacia - Necrosis
• Leukoencephalomalacia - Necrosis of the white matter of the brain
• Leukomyelomalacia - Necrosis of the white matter in the spinal cord
• Polioencephalomalacia - Necrosis of the gray matter in the brain
• Poliomyelomalacia - Necrosis of the gray matter in the spinal cord
• Astrocytosis - Increased numbers of astrocytes (hyperplasia)
• Astrogliosis (or gliosis) - Increased numbers of glial fibers
• Gemistocytes - Highly reactive astrocytes with abundant pink cytoplasm and distinct cell borders
• Gemistocytic astrocytosis - Astrocytic hyperplasia in which gemistocytic forms predominate
• Leptomeninges - Pia and arachnoid mater together
• Pachymeninges - Dura mater
• Telencephalon - Cerebral hemispheres
• Diencephalon -
• Mesencephalon - Midbrain
• Metencephalon - Cerebellum and pons
• Myelencephalon - Medulla