Difference between revisions of "Veterinary Education Online"

Revision as of 13:24, 18 November 2008

Welcome to WikiVet,

A collaborative initiative between the UK Vetschools to develop a comprehensive on-line veterinary knowledge base.

5,936 articles.

Content

WikiPath

Covers the undergraduate veterinary pathology curriculum.

WikiBugs

Information about veterinary bacteriology, virology and parasitology.

Wiki Anatomy and Physiology

Information about veterinary anatomy, histology and physiology.

WikiBlood

Information about the components of blood and associated immunological diseases.

WikiClinical

Clinical information.

WikiVPH

Information about Veterinary Public Health.

WikiDrugs

Information about Pharmacology and Therapeutics.

Other resources

WikiWords

A working glossary for Wiki editors.

Feedback

An area for any comments on the content or design of the site.

e-learning Resources

Access to a range of on-line courses, videos and images.

Veterinary Education

For veterinary educators to collaborate and share expertise.

About WikiVet

More about who is involved in the WikiVet project.

WikiMap

Please try using our interactive map to find other users and add your own location.

WikiNews

23rd October 2008 - WikiDrugs Ready for Population

14th October 2008 - WikiClinical Ready for Population

All the WikiClinical stub pages are now in place. Please feel free to start populating these pages with lots of clinical knowledge. If you are having trouble editing pages please refer back to our help pages.

9th October 2008 - The Wiki is Launched

Attendees of the WikiVet Launch

The WikiVet project was officially launched at MEDEV, Newcastle University. People from varying aspects of the Veterinary, Educational, Pharmaceutical and Medical professions attended the conference. Five people also attended the virtual conference, which made for an exciting yet interactive session. We feel that the launch was a great success and look forward to watching WikiVet grow.

Article of the Week - Rumination

Rumination is the process of digestion in the ruminant. It involves three simplified processes. the first is regurgitation which increases the surface area of food particles for digestion through further mechanical breakdown. The second is re-mastication and the third reinsalivation. Reinsalivation increases the volume of saliva produced whilst chewing and allows minerals to be recycled.

Process

Reflex initiated by mechanical stimlation of the receptors in the mucosa of the reticulum, ruminoreticular fold and cardiac area of the rumen

Frequency of contractions depends on the animal's activity
E.g. Cattle fed on hay or straw have the most frequent contractions at 79-100 per hour during feeding, 55-76 per hour during rumination
E.g. Cattle that are resting (not feeding or ruminating) only have contractions 47-80 per hour

Discrete reticular contraction preceedes biphasic ruminal contraction (see ruminoreticular contractions)

Rumination depends upon the coordination of the stomach movements with the thoracic wall and throat

Associated with inspiration against a closed glottis creating a negative pressure in the thorax allowing ingesta to be drawn into the oesophagus

Ingesta carried orally via an antiperistaltic wave

Controlled by rumination centres in the hypothalamus

Fibre increases stomach motility

Increase in volatile fatty acids decrease stomach motility

Click here to read more

This project is funded by JISC and the Higher Education Academy.

Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License

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 !
-<h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Article of the Week - [[Process of Micturition - Anatomy & Physiology|Process of Micturition]]</h2>
+<h2 style="margin:0; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Article of the Week - [[Rumination - Anatomy & Physiology|Rumination]]</h2>
 |-
 |style="color:#000;"|
-[[Image:sumlutshcemtri.jpg|right|thumb|350px|<small><center>A schematic overview of the lower urinary tract showing the nerves and muscles involved in micturition</center></small>]]
+[[Image:Diagram of ruminating contractions.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Diagram of ruminating contractions - Copyright RVC 2008]]
-'''Micturition is the normal process of the passive storage and active voiding of urine.'''
+Rumination is the process of digestion in the ruminant. It involves three simplified processes. the first is regurgitation which increases the surface area of food particles for digestion through further mechanical breakdown. The second is re-[[Mastication|mastication]] and the third reinsalivation. Reinsalivation increases the volume of saliva produced whilst chewing and allows minerals to be recycled.
-After entering the renal pelvis the modification of the urine is over in all domestic species other than the horse where mucin is added.  The urine passes along the [[Ureters - Anatomy & Physiology| ureters]] and enters the [[Urinary Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology|bladder]].  It is here that the urine is stored until it is to be voided.  Urine is not constantly excreted and it is only when there is a significant amount present in the bladder that the process of voiding occurs.  Both the [[Urinary Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology| Bladder]] and the [[Urethra - Anatomy & Physiology| Urethra]] have smooth muscle and thus receive autonomic influence with regard to their activity.  However the urethra also has an element of skeletal muscle giving the animal some degree of conscious control over the voiding of urine.
-===Sensory Innervation===
+==Process==
-The bladder has stretch receptors (alpha receptors in the neck and trigone, and beta receptors in the body) which detect fullness of the bladder. These impulse to the pelvic nerves and so to the sacral spinal cord. The urethra has afferents detecting flow, distension and pain that go via the pudendal nerve to the sacral cord.
-===Central Intregration===
+*Reflex initiated by mechanical stimlation of the receptors in the mucosa of the [[The Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]], ruminoreticular fold and cardiac area of the [[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]]
-The co-ordination of the urethralis and detrusor muscles from information recieved from the stretch receptors occurs in the '''pons'''. This micturition centre also branches to the thalamus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex. It is the cerebral cortex that is responsible for voluntary control of micturition.
+*Frequency of contractions depends on the animal's activity
+*E.g. Cattle fed on hay or straw have the most frequent contractions at 79-100 per hour during feeding, 55-76 per hour during rumination
+*E.g. Cattle that are resting (not feeding or ruminating) only have contractions 47-80 per hour
+*Discrete reticular contraction preceedes biphasic ruminal contraction (see [[The Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology#Ruminoreticular contraction|ruminoreticular contractions]])
-[[Process of Micturition - Anatomy & Physiology|Click here to read more]]
+*Rumination depends upon the coordination of the stomach movements with the thoracic wall and throat
+*Associated with inspiration against a closed glottis creating a negative pressure in the thorax allowing ingesta to be drawn into the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]]
+*Ingesta carried orally via an antiperistaltic wave
+*Controlled by rumination centres in the hypothalamus
+*Fibre increases stomach motility
+*Increase in [[Volatile Fatty Acids - Anatomy & Physioogy|volatile fatty acids]] decrease stomach motility
+[[Rumination - Anatomy & Physiology|Click here to read more]]
 |}
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