Difference between revisions of "Hepatitis, Chronic"
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{{unfinished}} | {{unfinished}} | ||
| + | {{dog}} | ||
==Signalment== | ==Signalment== | ||
| − | + | *Common in dogs, especially young to middle-aged dogs. | |
| + | *Mixed and purebred dogs are affected but there is a familial predisposition in | ||
| + | **Doberman pinscher | ||
| + | **Bedlington Terrier | ||
| + | **Cocker Spaniel | ||
| + | **Dalmation | ||
| + | **Skye Terrier | ||
| + | **Poodle | ||
| + | **Labrador Retriever | ||
| + | **German Shepherd Dog | ||
| + | **Scottish Terrier | ||
| + | **Beagle | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| − | Chronic hepatitis is an inflammatory-necrotising disease of at least 6 months duration. It predominantly consists of lymphocytic-plasmacytic inflammatory infiltration. A number of | + | Chronic hepatitis is an inflammatory-necrotising disease of at least 6 months duration. It is characterised by hepatocellular apoptosis or necrosis, a variable mononuclear or mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, regeneration and fibrosis (1). It predominantly consists of lymphocytic-plasmacytic inflammatory infiltration. |
| − | *Copper accumulation | + | |
| − | * | + | A number of aetiologies include: |
| − | * | + | *Familial predisposition |
| + | *Copper accumulation (copper storage disease) | ||
| + | *Chronic drug therapy | ||
| + | *Infectious for examplae infectious canine hepatitis- | ||
| + | *Autoimmune or steroid responsive disorder | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
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===Imaging=== | ===Imaging=== | ||
| − | === | + | ===Histopathology=== |
This is required for definitive diagnosis. Histology reveals lymphoplasmacellular inflammation and necrosis of the hepatocytes adjacent to the portal tracts. | This is required for definitive diagnosis. Histology reveals lymphoplasmacellular inflammation and necrosis of the hepatocytes adjacent to the portal tracts. | ||
| Line 40: | Line 56: | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | *(1) Van den Ingh, TSGAM et. al. (2006). Morphological classification of parenchymal disorders of the canine and feline liver. In Rothuizen J et. al., editors: WSAVA standards for clinical and histological diagnosis of canine and feline liver disease, Oxford, England, Saunders. | ||
Revision as of 11:43, 7 August 2009
 |
This article is still under construction. |
Signalment
- Common in dogs, especially young to middle-aged dogs.
- Mixed and purebred dogs are affected but there is a familial predisposition in
- Doberman pinscher
- Bedlington Terrier
- Cocker Spaniel
- Dalmation
- Skye Terrier
- Poodle
- Labrador Retriever
- German Shepherd Dog
- Scottish Terrier
- Beagle
Description
Chronic hepatitis is an inflammatory-necrotising disease of at least 6 months duration. It is characterised by hepatocellular apoptosis or necrosis, a variable mononuclear or mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, regeneration and fibrosis (1). It predominantly consists of lymphocytic-plasmacytic inflammatory infiltration.
A number of aetiologies include:
- Familial predisposition
- Copper accumulation (copper storage disease)
- Chronic drug therapy
- Infectious for examplae infectious canine hepatitis-
- Autoimmune or steroid responsive disorder
Diagnosis
Clinical Signs
These include
- lethargy, weakness, anorexia and weight loss
- vomiting and diarrhoea
- polyuria and polydipsia
- ascites
- and rarely icterus, seizures, fever and bleeding disthesis
Laboratory tests
Biochemistry
- Increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). However these may not be incrased if end-stage cirrhosis is reached.
- Hypoalbuminaemia
- Decreased urea
- Increased bile acids
Imaging
Histopathology
This is required for definitive diagnosis. Histology reveals lymphoplasmacellular inflammation and necrosis of the hepatocytes adjacent to the portal tracts.
Treatment
- Glucocorticoids at 1-2 mg/kg/day PO. Taper down with improved clinical signs and normal liver enzymes values
- Ursodeoxycholic acid at 15mg/kg PO SID
- Antioxidants
- Copper chelation with Penicillamine or Zinc if copper exceeds 2000ppm
Prognosis
References
- (1) Van den Ingh, TSGAM et. al. (2006). Morphological classification of parenchymal disorders of the canine and feline liver. In Rothuizen J et. al., editors: WSAVA standards for clinical and histological diagnosis of canine and feline liver disease, Oxford, England, Saunders.