Difference between revisions of "Category:Histotoxic Clostridia"
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Revision as of 10:54, 12 May 2010
- Exotoxins cause local tissue necrosis and systemic effects which can be fatal - toxaemia
- C. chauvei and C. septicum present in muscle as latent spores which can germinate to cause infection
- C. novyi type B and C. haemolyticum have latent spores in the liver
- When inoculated into wounds, cause malignant oedema and gas gangrene
- Endospores persist in the soil
- Most ingested spores excreted in faeces, but some become dormant in tissues
- Tissue injury leads to reduced oxygen tensions allowing germination and replication of bacteria
- Exotoxins cause local necrosis
- Activated spores in the liver and muscles cause endogenous infections including blackleg, infectious necrotic hepatitis and bacillary haemoglobinuria
- Inoculation of wounds causes exogenous infections including malignant oedema and gas gangrene
Clostridium chauvei
Clostridium septicum
Clostridium novyi
- Infectious necrotic hepatitis/black disease:
- Acute disease of sheep, occasionally cattle
- Hepatic necrosis caused by exotoxins of C. novyi type B in liver damaged by Fasciola hepatica
- Rapid death
- Dark discoloration of skin caused by subcutaneous venous congestion
- Fluorescent antibody test diagnostic
- Causes gas gangrene and myositis.
- May be involved in cutaneous lesions
- Causes big head in rams - oedema of subcutaneous tissues of the head, neck and cranial thorax; necrotising lethal alpha toxin
Clostridium perfringens type A
- Gas gangrene and myositis
- Extensive bacterial invasion of damaged muscle
- Gas production causing subcutaneous crepitus
- Similar manifestations as malignant oedema
Clostridium haemolyticum
- Causes bacillary haemoglobinuria in cattle, occasionally sheep
- Endogenous infection - endospores dormant in liver
- Fluke migration allows germination
- Beta toxin causes intravascular haemolysis and hepatic necrosis
- Haemoglobinuria due to destruction of red blood cells
Clostridium sordelli
- Causes gas gangrene, myositis and abomasitis (lambs)
Treatment of histotoxic infections
- Early penicillin
- Vaccination with bacterin or toxoid at 3 months and booster after 3 weeks, then annually
Pages in category "Histotoxic Clostridia"
The following 6 pages are in this category, out of 6 total.