Difference between revisions of "Equine Arteritis Virus"
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(New page: {{unfinished}} {{toplink |linkpage =Viruses |linktext =VIRUSES |sublink1=Arteriviridae |subtext1=ARTERIVIRIDAE |pagetype =Bugs }} <br> ====Antigenicity==== *Most cases are subclinical an...) |
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Revision as of 17:51, 18 May 2010
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This article is still under construction. |
Antigenicity
- Most cases are subclinical and only antibody positive
Hosts
- More common in thoroughbreds
Pathogenesis
- Infects nasopharynx and spreads locally, causing:
- Dypsnoea
- Coughing
- Diarrhoea
- Colic
- Spread to lymphoid tissue leads to leukopenia and immunosuppression
- Typical medial necrosis of arteries causing:
- Hemorrhage
- Abortions occur after 10-30 days in 50% of pregnant mares (as opposed to Equine Herpes, which shows late abortions)
- Oedema - particularly ocular, giving rise to "pink eye"
- Other clinical signs include:
- Pyrexia
- Nettle rashes
- Ocular and nasal discharge
- Swelling of legs or scrotum
- Stiffness of gait
- Foal death caused by interstitial pneumonia
- Stallions become intermittent or persistent shedders from accessory sex glands but may show no clinical signs
Epidemiology
- Controlled virus in the UK but AI and breeding schemes presents a real risk
Diagnosis
- Clinical symptoms, but may be variable
- PCR on semen
- ELISA for serum antibody
Control
- Vaccines:
- Stallions: Live attenuated
- Mares: Killed whole virus
- Clinical disease is NOTIFIABLE
- Seropositive stallions restricted from teasing, mating or AI unless PCR tested negative
- Persistent shedders should be castrated
- Serology on imported horses
- Mares tested within 4 weeks of mating
- In an outbreak, isolate and restrict movement until antibody-negative for one month