Difference between revisions of "Feline Immunodeficiency Virus"
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| + | [[Category:Lentiviruses]][[Category:Cat]] | ||
Revision as of 12:11, 23 May 2010
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This article is still under construction. |
FIV
Antigenicity
- Unrelated to HIV
- No vaccinal protection between USA Petulama prototype and UK (Hayling Island) isolate
Hosts
- Cats, including large cats on game reserves
Pathogenesis
- Receptor: CD134, found on monocyte-derived macrophages and activated T cells
- Net effect: disruption of acquired immune response
- Infected cats develop antibody whether or not they are able to clear the virus
Two versions:
- Avirulent:
- Transient infection with no CD4 decline
- Virulent:
- Progressive CD4 decline with three stages (may present indistinct)
- High circulating virus for 1-10 weeks with resulting lymphoid depletion and CD8CD4 double positive Tcell destruction, thymic aplasia esp in kittens
- Remission: decrease in circulating virus as immune response increases, followed by immune exhaustion
- Increase in CD8+ production and antibody response
- Paracortical T cells and lymphoid follicles expand in primary and secondary lymph tissue and may be visible as white nodules
- Rapidly progressing infection with high virus present
- Feline AIDS presents in a minority of cases
- Nonregenerative anemia
- Leucopenia
- Neutropenia
- Skin infections
- Usually followed by secondary infection as a result of immunosuppression
- Virus-ridden T cell destroy normal T cells, causing chronic immunosuppression
- Progressive CD4 decline with three stages (may present indistinct)
Epidemiology
- Transfer via saliva, though usually through a bite (FIV is the disease of enemies)
- Can transfer via milk or mutual grooming in multicat households
- Also transferred via mating
- Particular concern amongst stray males: 3.5% of healthy UK cats are seropositive, but in stray toms, up to 10% are positive
- Four-fold more common in diseased cats than in healthy cats
Diagnosis
- ELISA for serum antibody
- False positives occur, particularly in the presence of maternal Ab
- Positives can be confirmed by lab work (Western blotting)
Control
- No UK vaccine
- Healthy positive cats should have diagnose confirmed by further testing
- Isolate and castrate
- Preventative neutering of males