Helminth Flashcards
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Cestodes
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| Fill in the missing words about cestodes:
A cestode (tapeworm) is a chain (???) of progressively maturing reproductive units called ??? anchored at one end to the intestinal wall by a hold-fast organ called the ???. |
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| What species of Taenia occur in dogs? |
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| Describe the features of a cysticercus | Fluid filled bladder, containing a single invaginated head (protoscolex) - seen as a white blob on the wall of the cyst
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| In which host(s) would you expect to find the cysticercus of T. hydatigena and where in the host might it be found? |
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| What is the difference between a coenurus and a cysticercus? |
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| How does the distribution of hydatid cysts differ in sheep, horses and humans? |
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| What tapeworms occur in the cat? |
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| Why is it so difficult to prevent many cats from becoming re-infected with T. taeniaeformis? | The intermediate hosts are mice and other small mammals that are hunted
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| Where in the host (horse) would you expect to find Anoplocephala? | Ileo-caecal junction
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| Why are Anoplocephala eggs rarely seen on routine faecal examination? | They are dense structures and do not always float in the flotation media used in routine diagnosis
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| Why is it so difficult to prevent grazing horses from becoming re-infected with Anoplocephala? | The intermediate hosts are ubiquitous free-living pasture mites
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| Describe the appearance of Moniezia |
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| Why is T. solium more dangerous to human health than T. saginata? | If T. solium eggs get into the human small intestine, they will hatch and cysticerci can establish in the musculature and CNS. This does not happen with T. saginata.
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Trematodes
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| What are the most diagnostic features of the Fasciola hepatica egg? |
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| Fill in the missing words about Lymnaea truncatula:
Lymnaea truncatula is the intermediate host for (???). It is found in ???, and feeds on ???. It has a ??? with 5-6 spirals. |
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| What is the post mortem appearance of the liver in cases of acute fasciolosis? |
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| What time of year do the clinical signs of chronic fasciolosis become apparent? | January - March
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| Why is Dicrocoelium less pathogenic than Fasciola? | Migrates directly up the common bile duct and therefore does NOT migrate through the parenchyma (unlike Fasciola)
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| Is Paramphistomum found in the UK? | Rare in the UK, but can cause severe losses in ruminants in the wet tropics
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| What is the major cause of pathogenicity in schistosome infections? |
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Nematodes
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| What is the function of the bursa in bursate nematodes? | Clasp the female during mating
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| Which four superfamilies have bursate males? |
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| What are the different ways in which intestinal nematodes can feed? |
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| Name the six different non-bursate nematode superfamilies |
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