Feline Scabies

Introduction

Feline scabies is a rare but very contagious disease caused by Notoedres cati, a burrowing mite. It has not been reported in the UK as of yet. Canine scabies mite, Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis infection can occur in the cat, but is rare and thought to occur mainly when the animal is immunosuppressed. Cases should be screened for FeLV and FIV infection and other serious internal disease if this mite is found on them. Affected animals develop similar signs to those in the dog i.e. crusting and scale associated with local alopecia, but may not be significantly pruritic.

The burrowing of female mites meads to damage of keratinocytes and leads to cytokine release.

Clinical Signs

There will be variable pruritus, ranging from intense to mild. There will be crusting, scales and an erythematous papular rash, especially over the neck, ears and head. This may then spread to the paws and the abdomen. There will be alopecia and lichenification if chronic infection is present.

Diagnosis

Clinical signs and history, plus knowledge of concurrent severe infection to cause immunosuppression. Knowledge of dogs in the household or area with scabies may also be indicative.

Deep skin scrapings and hair plucks may lead to microscopic evidence of the mite. High powered microscopy will reveal epidermal hyperplasia, spongiosis, crusts, superficial perivascular dermatitis and the presence of eosinophils.

Treatment and Control

An acaricide should be used to treat this infection.

Both infected and in-contact animals should be treated, older products have to be given in repeat treatments. Avermectins and selamectins are available. No treatment is licensed for this disease in the UK, so care needs to be taken when using drugs off label.

All bedding and materials that have come into contact with the animal, e.g. the car, must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.

References

Foster, A, and Foll, C. (2003) BSAVA small animal dermatology (second edition) British Small Animal Veterinary Association

Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ectoparasites Royal Veterinary College

Hendrick, A (2009) Dermatology Study Guide, Royal Veterinary College

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