Changes

|q1=What is the most likely diagnosis?

|q1=What is the most likely diagnosis?

|a1=Combined immunodeficiency syndrome (CID).

|a1=Combined immunodeficiency syndrome (CID).

|l1=

|l1=Equine Severe Combined Immune Deficiency

|q2=How could you confirm this?

|q2=How could you confirm this?

|a2=

|a2=

*The lymphopenia will be persistent.  

*The lymphopenia will be persistent.  

*Lymphoid hypoplasia, including the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes, will be evident at post-mortem examination.

*Lymphoid hypoplasia, including the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes, will be evident at post-mortem examination.

|l2=

|l2=Lymphopenia

|q3=What is the aetiology of this disease?

|q3=What is the aetiology of this disease?

|a3=

|a3=

*The disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, and heterozygous individuals show no signs. <br><br>

*The disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, and heterozygous individuals show no signs. <br><br>

*Affected foals are usually normal at birth, and signs of infection (especially respiratory infections and pneumonia) become evident at any time between two days and two months depending on the level of passively acquired colostral immunity.

*Affected foals are usually normal at birth, and signs of infection (especially respiratory infections and pneumonia) become evident at any time between two days and two months depending on the level of passively acquired colostral immunity.

|l3=

|l3=Category:Lymphocytes

|q4=What are the usual causes of the respiratory infections in this disease?

|q4=What are the usual causes of the respiratory infections in this disease?

|a4=Pneumonia caused by adenovirus, ''Pneumocystis carinii'' and a variety of bacteria are commonly involved.

|a4=Pneumonia caused by adenovirus, ''Pneumocystis carinii'' and a variety of bacteria are commonly involved.

|l4=

|l4=Equine Adenovirus

|q5=How would you treat this foal?

|q5=How would you treat this foal?

|a5=There is no recommended treatment for CID. Bone marrow transplantation has been performed successfully in one affected foal.

|a5=There is no recommended treatment for CID. Bone marrow transplantation has been performed successfully in one affected foal.

|l5=

|l5=Immune Tolerance

 

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