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*Activated spores in the liver and muscles cause endogenous infections including blackleg, infectious necrotic hepatitis and bacillary haemoglobinuria
 
*Activated spores in the liver and muscles cause endogenous infections including blackleg, infectious necrotic hepatitis and bacillary haemoglobinuria
 
*Inoculation of wounds causes exogenous infections including malignant oedema and gas gangrene
 
*Inoculation of wounds causes exogenous infections including malignant oedema and gas gangrene
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===''Clostridium chauvei''===
 
===''Clostridium chauvei''===
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*Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]], along with [[Clostridium species#Clostridium septicum|''Clostridium septicum'']]
 
*Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]], along with [[Clostridium species#Clostridium septicum|''Clostridium septicum'']]
   −
===Clostridium novyi===
     −
* Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]] and [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]].
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===Clostridium septicum===
*May be involved in [[Bacterial skin infections#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
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*Causes malignant oedema:
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**Infection via wounds
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**Cellutis with minimal gangrene and gas formation
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**Tissue swelling die to oedema; coldness and discoloration of overlying skin
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**Toxaemia with depression; death may be rapis if extensive lesions
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*Causes braxy:
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**Abomasitis of sheep
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**Disease occurs during winter
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**Rapidly fatal; anorexia, depression, fever
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*Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]] and [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]]
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===Clostridium perfringens===
 
===Clostridium perfringens===
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*[[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|Gas gangrene]]:
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**Extensive bacterial invasion of damaged muscle
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**Gas production causing subcutaneous crepitus
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**Similar manifestations as malignant oedema
 
* Causes:
 
* Causes:
 
** [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Lamb Dysentery (Enterotoxaemia with Blood)|Lamb dysentery]]
 
** [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Lamb Dysentery (Enterotoxaemia with Blood)|Lamb dysentery]]
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** [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|Myositis]]
 
** [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|Myositis]]
   −
===Clostridium septicum===
     −
* Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]] and [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]]
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===Clostridium novyi===
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*Infectious necrotic hepatitis/black disease:
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**Acute disease of sheep, occasionally cattle
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**Hepatic necrosis caused by exotoxins of ''C. novyi'' type B in liver damaged by ''Fasciola hepatica''
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**Rapid death
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**Dark discoloration of skin caused by subcutaneous venous congestion
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**Fluorescent antibody test diagnostic
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* Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]] and [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]].
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*May be involved in [[Bacterial skin infections#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
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*''Causes big head in rams - oedema of subcutaneous tissues of the head, neck and cranial thorax; necrotising lethal alpha toxin
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 +
 
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===''Clostridium haemolyticum''
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*Causes bacillary haemoglobinuria in cattle, occasionally sheep
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*Endogenous infection - endospores dormant in liver
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*Fluke migration allows germination
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*Beta toxin causes intravascular haemolysis and hepatic necrosis
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*Haemoglobinuria due to destruction of red blood cells
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===Clostridium sordelli===
 
===Clostridium sordelli===
   −
* Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]] and [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]]
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*Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]] and [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]]
 
       
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