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<big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
<big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
<big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
<big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
===Overview===
===Overview===
*Causes [[Intestines - Proliferative Enteritis#Porcine Adenomatosis Complex|porcine proliferative enteropathy]]
*Grows intracellularly in pircine enterocytes
*Excreted in small amounts in faeces of infected pigs
===Characteristics===
===Characteristics===
*
*Slender, curved, Gram negative rod
*Microaerophilic
*Obligate intracellular bacterium
*Requires enterocyte tissue culture for growth
===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity===
*Affinity for porcine enterocytes
*Causes proliferation of enterocytes
*Adenomatous and inflammatory lesions develop in the terminal ilium, caecum and colon
*Synergistic relationship between ''L. intracellularis'' and intestinal flora including ''E. coli'', ''Clostridium'' species and ''Bacteroides'' species
*Intestinal organisms may produce correct oxygen tension and conditions for colonisation of ''L. intracellularis''
*Infection can only take place in presence of intestinal flora
===Clinical disease===
*Proliferative enteropathy occurs in weaned pigs, 6-12 weeks old
*Chronic intermittent diarrhoea with reduced growth or acute haemorrhagic enteropathy
*Sudden heath in severe infections
*Recovery from mild form in most animals without treatment
*Post mortem lesions include thickened wall, mucosal necrosis with clotted blood in the lumen of the ilium, caecum and colon
*Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes
===Diagnosis===
*Clinical signs and pathology give a presumptive diagnosis
*Organisms demonstrated in faeces or ileal mucosa by immunofluorescence or PCR
*Silver impregnation stains or immunostaining or lesions
*Culture in enterocyte cell lines
===Treatment and control===
*Antibiotics such as tylosin, tiamulin used prophylactically or therapeutically in feed/water
*Zinc bacitracin in feed
*Thorough cleaning and disinfection of premises