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===Specific changes associated with disease===
 
===Specific changes associated with disease===
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*[[Thyroid Gland - Pathology#Hypothyroidism|'''Hypothyroidism''']]
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====[[Thyroid Gland - Pathology#Hypothyroidism|'''Hypothyroidism''']]====
**Grossly: endocrine alopecia mainly over trunk and neck
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*Grossly: endocrine alopecia mainly over trunk and neck
**Microscopically: endocrine alopecia plus mucin within the dermis -> myxoedema (dermal thickening), acanthotic epidermal and follicular infundibular epithelium
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*Microscopically: endocrine alopecia plus mucin within the dermis -> myxoedema (dermal thickening), acanthotic epidermal and follicular infundibular epithelium
**Secondary pyoderma is common
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*Secondary pyoderma is common
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*[[Adrenal Glands - Pathology#Adrenal_Hyperfunction|'''Hyperadrenocorticism''']]
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====[[Adrenal Glands - Pathology#Adrenal_Hyperfunction|'''Hyperadrenocorticism''']]====
**Grossly: endocrine alopecia except on head and extremities, thin skin, comedones, easy bruising and poor wound healing, sometimes involves [[Adrenal Glands - Pathology#Pathophysiology_2|calcinosis cutis]]  
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*Grossly: endocrine alopecia except on head and extremities, thin skin, comedones, easy bruising and poor wound healing, sometimes involves [[Adrenal Glands - Pathology#Pathophysiology_2|calcinosis cutis]]  
***In cats, skin is very easily torn
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**In cats, skin is very easily torn
**Microscopically: epidermal, dermal and follicular atrophy, comedones, calcinosis cutis often with granulomatous inflammation and epidermal hyperplasia
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*Microscopically: epidermal, dermal and follicular atrophy, comedones, calcinosis cutis often with granulomatous inflammation and epidermal hyperplasia
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*[[Pituitary Gland - Pathology#Pituitary_Hypofunction|'''GH deficiency (hyposomatotropism)''']] [[Image:Flame follicles.jpg|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>'''Flame Follicles'''. Courtesy of A. Jefferies</center></small>]]
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====[[Pituitary Gland - Pathology#Pituitary_Hypofunction|'''GH deficiency (hyposomatotropism)''']]====
**Retained puppy hair coat, endocrine alopecia, decreased dermal elastin and catagen follicles ('''Flame follicles''').
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[[Image:Flame follicles.jpg|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>'''Flame Follicles'''. Courtesy of A. Jefferies</center></small>]]
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*Retained puppy hair coat, endocrine alopecia, decreased dermal elastin and catagen follicles ('''Flame follicles''').
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*[[Pituitary Gland - Pathology#Pituitary_Hyperfunction|'''Excess GH (hypersomatotropism)''']]
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====[[Pituitary Gland - Pathology#Pituitary_Hyperfunction|'''Excess GH (hypersomatotropism)''']]====
**Grossly: thick, folded skin on head, neck and extremities, possibly with hypertrichosis
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*Grossly: thick, folded skin on head, neck and extremities, possibly with hypertrichosis
**Microscopically: epidermal hyperplasia, dermal fibrosis, mucinous degeneration of dermis
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*Microscopically: epidermal hyperplasia, dermal fibrosis, mucinous degeneration of dermis
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*[[Sex hormones - Pathology#Hyperoestrogenism|'''Hyperoestrogenism''']]
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====[[Sex hormones - Pathology#Hyperoestrogenism|'''Hyperoestrogenism''']]====
**Grossly: endocrine alopecia, enlarged vulva and abnormal oestrus cycle in females, gynecomastia, pendulous prepuce or enlarged prostate in males
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*Grossly: endocrine alopecia, enlarged vulva and abnormal oestrus cycle in females, gynecomastia, pendulous prepuce or enlarged prostate in males
**Microscopically: telogen follicles, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis or epidermis and follicular infundibulum
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*Microscopically: telogen follicles, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis or epidermis and follicular infundibulum
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*'''Castration responsive dermatosis'''
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===='''Castration responsive dermatosis'''====
**Mainly involves intact male dogs
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*Mainly involves intact male dogs
**Grossly: fluffy and wool like hair coat, symmetrical alopecia over perineum, thighs, ventral abdomen and thorax, neck; possible hyperpigmentation
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*Grossly: fluffy and wool like hair coat, symmetrical alopecia over perineum, thighs, ventral abdomen and thorax, neck; possible hyperpigmentation
**Microscopically: increased nmbe of catagen and telogen hair follicles and flame follicles
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*Microscopically: increased nmbe of catagen and telogen hair follicles and flame follicles
**Castration may temporarily remove symptoms  
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*Castration may temporarily remove symptoms  
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*'''Superficial necrolytic dermatopathy'''
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===='''Superficial necrolytic dermatopathy'''====
**Also known as ''diabetic dermatopathy, hepatocutaneous syndrome''
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*Also known as ''diabetic dermatopathy, hepatocutaneous syndrome''
**In older dogs with diabetes mellitus, hepatic dysfunction or pancreatic lesions
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*In older dogs with diabetes mellitus, hepatic dysfunction or pancreatic lesions
**Grossly: scaling and crusting, erythema, facial, genital and distal extremities alopecia, crusting, fissures and ulceration of foot pads
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*Grossly: scaling and crusting, erythema, facial, genital and distal extremities alopecia, crusting, fissures and ulceration of foot pads
**Microscopically: trilaminar thickening of epidermis (outermost layer is keratotic, intermediate oedematous and vacuolated, inner is hyperplastic)
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*Microscopically: trilaminar thickening of epidermis (outermost layer is keratotic, intermediate oedematous and vacuolated, inner is hyperplastic)
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