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* Contributes to [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves.
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==Recognition==
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*Minute protozoan parasite
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*Wide host range
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*Parasitises epithelial cells lining the epithelial cells lining the ailimentary and respiratory tracts
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*Developmental stages confined to the '''microvillous brish border'''
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*''C. parvum'' most associated with disease in domestic animals and in humans
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**Other species affect birds
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*Small oocysts of 4-5μm
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==Life Cycle==
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*Direct life cycle
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**Only one host
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**Homoxenous
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*1 week prepatent period
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*'''Sporulated''' oocysts past in faeces
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*Autoinfection can occur
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**Thin walled oocysts
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*Faecal-oral transmission also occurs
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**Thick walled oocysts
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==Pathogenesis==
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*Causes outbreaks of [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] in young animals
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*Common cause of calf-hood scours
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**Older animals may be asymptomatic carriers
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**Contributes to [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]] which is a mixed viral enteritis in calves
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*Common infection in AIDS patients
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==Epidemiology==
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*Direct faecal-oral infection
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**E.g. School parties visiting farms
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*Water-bourne infection
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**E.g. contaminated water supply may infect hundreds of people
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**Difficult to locate source
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==Diagnosis==
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*Faecal smear
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**Ziehl-Neelson (ZN) stain
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**Oocysts stain red against a blue/green background
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*Immunoassays
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**Detect oocysts in faeces
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==Control==
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*Isolate/quarantine brought-in calves
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**Treat if signs of [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] present
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*Good hygiene, adequate bedding, disinfection of calf pens is important
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*Prevention/treatment
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**Halofuginone
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***Halocur or Intervet
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***Oral dosage
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