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==Astigmata Introduction==
==Astigmata introduction==
Mites are one of the most successful and diverse vertebrate groups. The species of veterinary importance are parasitic, although a few non-parasitic mites are also important, such as oribatid and forage mites.
Mites are one of the most successful and diverse vertebrate groups. The species of veterinary importance are parasitic, although a few non-parasitic mites are also important, such as oribatid and forage mites.
The taxonomy of mites is complex as there are over 8 families. In this article the families are split according to their location on the host into sub-surface (burrowing) and surface (non-burrowing) mites.
The taxonomy of mites is complex as there are over 8 families. In this article the families are split according to their location on the host into sub-surface (burrowing) and surface (non-burrowing) mites.
==Burrowing Mites==
==Burrowing Mites==
===Sarcoptidae===
===Sarcoptidae===
====''Sarcoptes''====
====''Sarcoptes''====
*Male is about 250μm in length and the female about 400-430μm in length
*Male is about 250μm in length and the female about 400-430μm in length
'''Life Cycle'''
*3 weeks life cycle
'''Life cycle'''
*'''3 week''' life cycle
*Female lays eggs in epidermis in an '''egg laying pocket'''
*Female lays eggs in epidermis in an '''egg laying pocket'''
*Adult males emerge and look for females to mate
*Adult males emerge and look for females to mate
'''Transmission'''
'''Transmission'''
*Close contact
*Close contact
*Adults and larvae can be transferred from one skin surface to another
*Adults and larvae can be transferred from one skin surface to another
'''Pathogenesis'''
'''Pathogenesis'''
*Erythema with papule formation
*Erythema with papule formation
**Alopecia
**Alopecia
*Intense pruritis for one week
*Intense pruritus for 1 week
**Self-inflicted trauma
**Self-inflicted trauma
**Scab formation
**Scab formation
**Rash develops
**Rash develops
**In [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Scabies|scabies]]
''Sarcoptes scabiei''
*Causes [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Scabies|scabies]]
*Strains of ''S. scabiei'' can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish
*Strains of ''S. scabiei'' can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish
'''Diagnosis'''
'''Diagnosis'''
*Skin scraping until capillary blood appears
*Skin scraping until capillary blood appears
**Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically
**Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically
*Warm slide over bunsen flame
*Warm slide over bunsen flame
'''Treatment'''
'''Treatment'''
*Acaricide
*Acaricide
**For more information on acaricides click [[Ectoparasiticides|here]]
**For more information on acaricides click [[Ectoparasiticides|here]]
**Treat boars at 6 month intervals
**Treat boars at 6 month intervals
=====Sarcoptic Mange=====
=====Sarcoptic mange in different species=====
'''Dogs'''
'''Dogs'''
*Highly contagious
*Highly contagious
*First signs appear at edges of ears, then progresses to muzzle, face and elbows
*First signs appear at edges of ears, then progresses to muzzle, face and elbows
'''Cats'''
'''Cats'''