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Text replace - 'Lymphocytes - WikiBlood' to 'Lymphocytes'
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*Primary immunodeficiencies may affect either the [[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood|innate immune system]] or the [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood|adaptive immune system]]
 
*Primary immunodeficiencies may affect either the [[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood|innate immune system]] or the [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood|adaptive immune system]]
 
*They are categorised by either the type or the developmental stage of the cells involved
 
*They are categorised by either the type or the developmental stage of the cells involved
*Lymphoid cell disorders affect [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#T cells|T cells]] or [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#B cells|B cells]] (or both)
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*Lymphoid cell disorders affect [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]] or [[Lymphocytes#B cells|B cells]] (or both)
 
*Myeloid cell disorders affect phagocytic function
 
*Myeloid cell disorders affect phagocytic function
 
*The severity of the immunodeficiency depends on at which stage in development the problem occurs
 
*The severity of the immunodeficiency depends on at which stage in development the problem occurs
 
**E.g. Defects early on in development will affect the entire immune system
 
**E.g. Defects early on in development will affect the entire immune system
*[[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#T cells|T cell]] deficiencies can affect both the cell-mediated and humoral response as [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#T cells|T cells]] play a central role in the immune system
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*[[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cell]] deficiencies can affect both the cell-mediated and humoral response as [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]] play a central role in the immune system
    
===Deficiencies of Innate Immunity===
 
===Deficiencies of Innate Immunity===
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*Occurs in 2-3% of Arabian foals
 
*Occurs in 2-3% of Arabian foals
 
*Defect in DNA-dependent protein kinase gene
 
*Defect in DNA-dependent protein kinase gene
**Gene codes for a DNA repair enzyme involved in V(D)J recombination for antigen receptors of [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood|lymphocytes]] (e.g. Ig and TCR)
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**Gene codes for a DNA repair enzyme involved in V(D)J recombination for antigen receptors of [[Lymphocytes|lymphocytes]] (e.g. Ig and TCR)
*No functional [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#B cells|B cells]] or [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#T cells|T cells]]  
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*No functional [[Lymphocytes#B cells|B cells]] or [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]]  
 
*Foals develop infections (usually around 8 weeks of age as maternal [[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood|antibody]] in [[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Passive transfer via colostrum|colostrum]] wanes around this time)
 
*Foals develop infections (usually around 8 weeks of age as maternal [[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood|antibody]] in [[Materno-fetal immunity - WikiBlood#Passive transfer via colostrum|colostrum]] wanes around this time)
 
*Foals usually die from bronchopneumonia
 
*Foals usually die from bronchopneumonia
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*Affects Basset Hounds and Corgis
 
*Affects Basset Hounds and Corgis
 
*X-linked recessive defect in the gene coding for the IL-2 receptor
 
*X-linked recessive defect in the gene coding for the IL-2 receptor
**IL-2 receptor is a receptor for the cytokine IL-2 which causes [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#T cells|T cells]] to proliferate
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**IL-2 receptor is a receptor for the cytokine IL-2 which causes [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]] to proliferate
 
*Causes lymphoid hypoplasia, stunted growth and increases the animal's susceptibility to infection
 
*Causes lymphoid hypoplasia, stunted growth and increases the animal's susceptibility to infection
 
*Animal usually dies from pneumonia or sepsis as the level of maternal [[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood|antibody]] decreases
 
*Animal usually dies from pneumonia or sepsis as the level of maternal [[Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood|antibody]] decreases
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[[Image:Nude Mouse.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Nude Mouse - Copyright Michigan State University- Carcinogenesis Laboratory]]
 
[[Image:Nude Mouse.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Nude Mouse - Copyright Michigan State University- Carcinogenesis Laboratory]]
 
*Severe Combined Immune Deficiency(SCID)
 
*Severe Combined Immune Deficiency(SCID)
**No functional [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#B cells|B cells]] or [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#T cells|T cells]]
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**No functional [[Lymphocytes#B cells|B cells]] or [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]]
    
*Athymic nude mice (no [[Thymus - Anatomy & Physiology|thymus]])
 
*Athymic nude mice (no [[Thymus - Anatomy & Physiology|thymus]])
**No functional [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#T cells|T cells]]
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**No functional [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]]
 
**Cell-mediated immunodeficiency
 
**Cell-mediated immunodeficiency
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[[Image:Kinetics of FeLV 2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Kinetics of FeLV - Copyright Dr Brian Catchpole BVetMed PhD MRCVS]]
 
[[Image:Kinetics of FeLV 2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Kinetics of FeLV - Copyright Dr Brian Catchpole BVetMed PhD MRCVS]]
 
*Oncogenic retrovirus
 
*Oncogenic retrovirus
*Causes neoplasia (lymphoma), myelosuppression (anaemia) and immunosuppression (of [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#T cells|T cells]])
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*Causes neoplasia (lymphoma), myelosuppression (anaemia) and immunosuppression (of [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]])
 
*2 strains:  
 
*2 strains:  
 
**FeLV-A
 
**FeLV-A
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*Subtypes A, B and D
 
*Subtypes A, B and D
 
*Causes increased susceptibility to infections and neoplasia
 
*Causes increased susceptibility to infections and neoplasia
*Specifically destroys [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#Helper CD4+|CD4+ T cells]]
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*Specifically destroys [[Lymphocytes#Helper CD4+|CD4+ T cells]]
 
*Virus is present in saliva, blood and other bodily fluids
 
*Virus is present in saliva, blood and other bodily fluids
 
*Feral and outdoor cats (mostly tom cats) are most at risk
 
*Feral and outdoor cats (mostly tom cats) are most at risk