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Canine Adenovirus 1 (view source)

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Causes [[Infectious Canine Hepatitis]]

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*[[Adenoviridae|Adenoviridae]]

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*Usually mild [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchointerstitial pneumonia|bronchointerstitial pneumonia]], necrosis of bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium, oedema, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia

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*May cause necrotising [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchiolitis]] in immune-deficient dogs ([[Paramyxoviridae#Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)|distemper]])

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*Can be associated with [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Infectious canine tracheitis|kennel cough]] described above

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====Hosts====

*Dogs

*Foxes are very susceptible (Fox Encephalitis)

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~~====Pathogenesis====~~

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*Infects and replicates in the oropharynx

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*Viremia as the virus reaches endothelial cells

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*Attacks the endothelial lining of '''gall bladder''', '''liver sinusoids''', and '''Kuppfer cells'''

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*Resulting '''heptatitis''' is followed by severe abdominal pain and often death

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*Post Mortem: swollen, hemorrhagic liver, ascites, and oedema of the gall bladder

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*In older dogs, may present more mildly with lymph node enlargement and chronic interstitial nephritis

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*In foxes: virus replicates in the endothelia of the brain resulting in neuronal damage, fits, and paralysis

====Epidemiology====

*Transfers '''easily''' via ingesting infected '''urine, feces or respiratory secretions'''

*Can be transferred by handlers, infected surfaces, etc.

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~~====Diagnosis====~~

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*Intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes can be seen under H&E staining

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*Vascular endothelium can be stained for viral '''antigen''' by '''immunofluorescence'''

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~~====Control====~~

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~~In an outbreak~~

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*Isolate infected dogs

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*Disinfect premises

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~~To prevent~~

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*'''Vaccination''': tissue culture adaptation that may be live or inactivated

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*Cross protection with CAV2

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*Live vaccines are known to cause keratitis in Afghans, Red Setters and Saluki

[[Image:Adenovirus pneumonia.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Adenovirus pneumonia (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]

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*[[Adenoviridae|Adenoviridae]]

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*Usually mild [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchointerstitial pneumonia|bronchointerstitial pneumonia]], necrosis of bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium, oedema, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia

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*May cause necrotising [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchiolitis]] in immune-deficient dogs ([[Paramyxoviridae#Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)|distemper]])

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*Can be associated with [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Infectious canine tracheitis|kennel cough]] described above

[[Category:Adenoviridae]][[Category:Dog]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Viruses]]

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