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==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
*Intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes can be seen under H&E staining
*Vascular endothelium can be stained for viral '''antigen''' by '''immunofluorescence'''
===Clinical Signs===
===Clinical Signs===
*recovering animals may show an immune-mediated uveitis with corneal opacity
*recovering animals may show an immune-mediated uveitis with corneal opacity
===Pathology===
===Pathology===
====Pathogenesis====
*Infects and replicates in the oropharynx
*Viremia as the virus reaches endothelial cells
*Attacks the endothelial lining of '''gall bladder''', '''liver sinusoids''', and '''Kuppfer cells'''
*Resulting '''heptatitis''' is followed by severe abdominal pain and often death
*Post Mortem: swollen, hemorrhagic liver, ascites, and oedema of the gall bladder
*In older dogs, may present more mildly with lymph node enlargement and chronic interstitial nephritis
*In foxes: virus replicates in the endothelia of the brain resulting in neuronal damage, fits, and paralysis
====Gross====
====Gross====
*the virus has a tropism for endothelium and hepatocytes
*the virus has a tropism for endothelium and hepatocytes
**in hepatocytes and macrophages
**in hepatocytes and macrophages
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
===Control===
In an outbreak
*Isolate infected dogs
*Disinfect premises
To prevent
*'''Vaccination''': tissue culture adaptation that may be live or inactivated
*Cross protection with CAV2
*Live vaccines are known to cause keratitis in Afghans, Red Setters and Saluki
==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==