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==Diagnosis==
 
==Diagnosis==
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*Intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes can be seen under H&E staining
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*Vascular endothelium can be stained for viral '''antigen''' by '''immunofluorescence'''
 
===Clinical Signs===
 
===Clinical Signs===
 
*recovering animals may show an immune-mediated uveitis with corneal opacity
 
*recovering animals may show an immune-mediated uveitis with corneal opacity
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===Pathology===
 
===Pathology===
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====Pathogenesis====
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*Infects and replicates in the oropharynx
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*Viremia as the virus reaches endothelial cells
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*Attacks the endothelial lining of '''gall bladder''', '''liver sinusoids''', and '''Kuppfer cells'''
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*Resulting '''heptatitis''' is followed by severe abdominal pain and often death
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*Post Mortem: swollen, hemorrhagic liver, ascites, and oedema of the gall bladder
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*In older dogs, may present more mildly with lymph node enlargement and chronic interstitial nephritis
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*In foxes: virus replicates in the endothelia of the brain resulting in neuronal damage, fits, and paralysis
 
====Gross====
 
====Gross====
 
*the virus has a tropism for endothelium and hepatocytes
 
*the virus has a tropism for endothelium and hepatocytes
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**in hepatocytes and macrophages
 
**in hepatocytes and macrophages
 
==Treatment==
 
==Treatment==
 
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===Control===
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In an outbreak
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*Isolate infected dogs
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*Disinfect premises
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To prevent
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*'''Vaccination''': tissue culture adaptation that may be live or inactivated
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*Cross protection with CAV2
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*Live vaccines are known to cause keratitis in Afghans, Red Setters and Saluki
 
==Prognosis==
 
==Prognosis==
  
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