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| | {|cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" | | {|cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" |
| | + | | Also known as: |
| | + | | '''Lipid Mobilisation Syndrome''' |
| | + | |- |
| | | See also: | | | See also: |
| | | '''Hyperlipaemia''' in [[Hyperlipaemia - Horse|'''horses''']] and [[Hyperlipaemia - Donkey|'''donkeys''']]<br> | | | '''Hyperlipaemia''' in [[Hyperlipaemia - Horse|'''horses''']] and [[Hyperlipaemia - Donkey|'''donkeys''']]<br> |
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| | On ultrasound, an enlarged and diffusely hyperechoeic liver is seen. | | On ultrasound, an enlarged and diffusely hyperechoeic liver is seen. |
| | | | |
| | + | ===Pathology=== |
| | + | *enlarged [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] with round edges |
| | + | *lightish yellow in colour |
| | + | *cut surface is uniform and greasy to handle |
| | | | |
| | ==Histopathology== | | ==Histopathology== |
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| | | | |
| | ==Hepatic lipidosis - fatty liver syndrome== | | ==Hepatic lipidosis - fatty liver syndrome== |
| − | *also known as lipid mobilisation syndrome
| + | |
| − | *any persistent abnormal accumulation of fat within [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] cells
| + | |
| | *associated with | | *associated with |
| | **dietary factors: obesity and starvation | | **dietary factors: obesity and starvation |
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| | **''[[DM|Diabetes mellitus]]'', ketosis, and pregnancy toxaemia in pathological conditions | | **''[[DM|Diabetes mellitus]]'', ketosis, and pregnancy toxaemia in pathological conditions |
| | **abnormal hepatocytic function: prevents fatty acids from forming complexes with proteins to form low density lipoproteins for secretion into the blood | | **abnormal hepatocytic function: prevents fatty acids from forming complexes with proteins to form low density lipoproteins for secretion into the blood |
| − | *enlarged [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] with round edges
| + | |
| − | *lightish yellow in colour
| |
| − | *cut surface is uniform and greasy to handle
| |
| | | | |
| | The following are several important specific diseases in which fatty change is the main finding: | | The following are several important specific diseases in which fatty change is the main finding: |
| | | | |
| | + | ====Feline==== |
| | | | |
| − | ===associated with obesity===
| |
| − | Overfeeding will lead to the accumulation of fat in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
| |
| | | | |
| − | This is a normal physiological function but if a sudden check in dietary intake is imposed it may tip such an animal into serious ill health
| |
| − | ====Bovine====
| |
| − | *fat cow syndrome (extreme form of fatty liver)
| |
| − | *occurs in well-fed dairy cows a few days postpartum
| |
| − | *an excessive accumulation of liver fat without being able to export it from the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] (during late dry period and early lactation)
| |
| − | *amount of fat deposited influenced by:
| |
| − | **Body Condition Score (how fat the cow is)
| |
| − | **Milk Yield (energy requirement)
| |
| − | **Appetite (low in fat cows)
| |
| − | *triggered by various conditions:
| |
| − | **abomasal displacement
| |
| − | **mastitis
| |
| − | **metritis
| |
| − | **retained [[Gestation -Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]]
| |
| − | *can be fatal due to [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] failure (up to 25% has been reported)
| |
| − |
| |
| − | =====Clinical=====
| |
| − | *cow is sick
| |
| − | *poor appetite
| |
| − | *excessive weight loss
| |
| − | *downer
| |
| − | *high incidence of post parturient disease
| |
| − |
| |
| − | =====Gross=====
| |
| − | *fat infiltration of [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
| |
| − | *enlarged
| |
| − | *rounded edges
| |
| − | *pale yellow colour
| |
| − | *friable
| |
| − |
| |
| − | NB: will also get fat infiltration of [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] in cows which have not been eating for several days so interpret carefully
| |
| − |
| |
| − | =====Prevention=====
| |
| − | *dry off cows at correct BCS (up to 3.5)
| |
| − | *do not adjust BCS during dry period
| |
| − | *do not starve fat dry cows
| |
| − | *maintain appetite over late dry and calving period to prevent excessive weight loss and fat mobilisation
| |
| − | *use transistion diet
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ====Feline====
| |
| − | *feline fatty [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] syndrome
| |
| − | *fairly similar and associated solely with obesity
| |
| | *diagnosis on cytology/histopathology | | *diagnosis on cytology/histopathology |
| | *Survival rate is only 50-60% | | *Survival rate is only 50-60% |
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| | *Higher serum triglycerides in lipidotic cats compared to controls | | *Higher serum triglycerides in lipidotic cats compared to controls |
| | | | |
| − | [[Hyperlipidaemia - Horse ]]
| |
| | | | |
| − | [[White Liver Disease - Ovine]]
| + | |
| | + | |
| | | | |
| | ===associated with derangement of carbohydrate metabolism=== | | ===associated with derangement of carbohydrate metabolism=== |