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| Describe the location of the Pituitary Gland.
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- The pituitary gland, or hypophysis lies within a bony cavity, the Sella Turcica, in the base of the skull just ventral to the hypothalamus. It lies between the more rostral Optic Chiasma, and the more caudal Mammillary Bodies.
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| Label the diagram:
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- A = Pars Tuberalis
- B = Pars Distalis
- C = Pars Intermedia
- D = Pars Nervosa
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| Which sections of the Pituitary Gland labelled above make up the Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis:
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- Adenohypophysis: A = Pars Tuberalis, B = Pars Distalis C = Pars IntermediaB,C
- Neurohypophysis: D = Pars Nervosa
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| What is the blood supply to the Pituitary Gland:
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- Superior Hypophyseal Arteries
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| What part of the Pituitary Gland does this histological section represent:
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| Which parts of the Pituitary Gland does this histological section represent:
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- Pars Intermedia (Upper Right)
- Pars Distalis (Lower Left)
- Sections Separated by the residual lumen of Rathke's Pouch - the Hypophyseal Cleft.
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| What part of the Pituitary Gland does this histological section represent:
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| What are the cell types within the Pars Distalis and what hormones do they produce?
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- Corticotropes - POMC which is then cleaved to Adrenocorticotropin Hormone - ACTH
- Thyrotropes - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
- Gonadotropes - Luteinising Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone
- Lactotropes - Prolactin
- Somatotropes - Growth Hormone.
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| What is secreted by the Posterior Pituitary Gland and what are their actions:
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- Oxytocin - Promotes milk let down and uterine contractions during parturtion.
- Anti Diuretic Hormone - ADH - Acts on the renal tubules to minimise water loss into the urine.
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| Decribe how Milk Let-Down is initiated:
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- Impulses travel via superfical sensory pathways and the inguinal nerve.
- Afferent sensory neurons enter the lumbar part of the spinal cord to the thalmus.
- They reach the cell bodies of neuroendocrine cells
- Oxytocin is then released from the nerve endings in the posterior pituitary gland.
- Oxytocin enters capillaries and the systemic circulation.
- Mammillary cappillaries contract, pressure within the alveoli increases.
- Resistance in excretory ducts and teat canal is reduced.
- Increased milk outflow.
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