Picornaviridae
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Introduction
Morphology
- Very small RNA viruses
- Much antigenic variation
- Subtypes evolve and do not cross-protect
- 4 capsid proteins (VP1-VP4), with VP1 providing neutralizing target
Virulence and Pathogenesis
- Cytopathic effect of all viruses is an overnight cell rounding and pyknosis
Epidemiology
- Very resistant
- Can survive several months on fomites
- Infect via upper respiratory tract or buccal cavity and spread to target organs after viremia
Types and Subtypes
3 Main Genera:
Enteroviruses
Apthoviruses
Rhinoviruses
- Subclinical cold viruses
- Equine rhinovirus (picornavirus type 1 and 2) in rhinitis, see respiratory infections
- Bovine rhinovirus may cause mild respiratory infections
Enteroviruses
- Swine Vesicular Disease Virus
- May cause skin lesions