Caecal Impaction - Horse
Description
Caecal impaction in horses occurs in two forms. In primary impactions the caecum contains dry, relatively solid ingesta which may be localised to the crainial part of the caecal base, or extend to fill the whole visera. The onset of clinical signs is 5-7 days and the associated signs are of low grade intermittent colic.
Secondary impactions are a result of caecal dysfunction, the caecal content is fluid and the vicera is distended and imotile. This syndrome usually occurs in the post-operative period and early signs may be missed, being attributed to discomfort following surgery or the concurrent condition. The
Signalment
Hospitalised horses are at greater risk, especially those with musculoskeletl conditions, often due to the reduction in activity and treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Diagnosis
Clinical signs
- Mild to moderate intermmitant colic signs
- Marginal increase in heart rate
- Reduced gut sounds
Diagnosis can be made on rectal examintion, the caecum is firmer and filled with ingesta and can be indented digitally. The caecal mass will be palpated in the right paralumbar area, identified by the taut ventral caecal band and the fat and blood vessels overlying the medial caecal band.
In most cases the impaction is not sufficiently severe or prolonged to cause cardiovascular compromise or changes in peritoneal fluid, but if the case is chronic or progresses to rupture then the condition is serious and the horse should be closely monitored for worsening clinical signs.
Treatment
Medical Treatment of Colic in Horses
Prognosis
References
- Blood, D.C. and Studdert, V. P. (1999) Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary (2nd Edition) Elsevier Science
- Edward Robinson, N and Sprayberry, K. A. (2009) Current Therapy In Equine Medicine Sixth edition Saunders Elsevier
- Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition) Merial
- White, N.A., Edwards, G.B. (1999) Handbook of Equine Colic Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd