Adaptive Immunity to Bacteria

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  • The adaptive response ensures the innate response is carried out efficiently

Humoral

  • Complement activation of the classical pathway
    • Production of IgM and IgG makes the complement system more efficient

Cell-Mediated

  • Help for macrophages
    • IgG production (T-helper type II cells and B cells) which improves phagocytosis by opsonisation
    • Infected macrophages are rescued by T-helper type I cells when phagocytosis and digestion mechanisms fail to eliminate the pathogen

Extracellular Infection

  • Complement and phagocytosis
  • B cell and T helper type II cell stimulation
  • Production of IgM which activates the classical cascade

Vesicular Infection

  • IL-12 stimulates T-helper type I cells which release IFN-γ
  • IFN-γ triggers the macrophages to kill the pathogens inside