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| ==The Cloaca== | | ==The Cloaca== |
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− | *Colon, ureters and deferent ducts/left oviduct enter at various levels | + | *[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|Colon]], [[Ureters - Anatomy & Physiology|ureters]] and deferent ducts/left [[Exotics - Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System & Physiology of Egg Formation - Anatomy & Physiology#Oviduct|oviduct]] enter at various levels |
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| *Divided into coprodeum, urodeum and proctodeum by complete annular folds | | *Divided into coprodeum, urodeum and proctodeum by complete annular folds |
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− | *Some urinary excretions arriving in the cloaca become incorporated with the ingesta and move in a retrograde fashion to the caeca, increasing the absorption of water and electrolytes from the urinary waste | + | *Some urinary excretions arriving in the cloaca become incorporated with the ingesta and move in a retrograde fashion to the [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caeca]], increasing the absorption of water and electrolytes from the urinary waste |
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| *The coprodeum is the most cranial division of the cloaca | | *The coprodeum is the most cranial division of the cloaca |
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| *The urodeum is the middle part of the cloaca | | *The urodeum is the middle part of the cloaca |
| **Caudal to the proctodeum fold | | **Caudal to the proctodeum fold |
− | **Uteric opening in dorsolateral wall above the papilla of the deferent duct/oviduct opening | + | **Uteric opening in dorsolateral wall above the papilla of the deferent duct/[[Exotics - Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System & Physiology of Egg Formation - Anatomy & Physiology#Oviduct|oviduct]] opening |
| [[Image:Bursa of Fabricus.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Bursa of Fabricus - Copyright Nottingham 2008]] | | [[Image:Bursa of Fabricus.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Bursa of Fabricus - Copyright Nottingham 2008]] |
| *The proctodeum is the caudal segment | | *The proctodeum is the caudal segment |
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| ==Species Differences== | | ==Species Differences== |
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− | *Galliformes (turkeys and chickens) can move urates from the urinary tract into the colon and caeca where ammonia is released for protein synthesis | + | *Galliformes (turkeys and chickens) can move urates from the urinary tract into the [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] and [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caeca]] where ammonia is released for protein synthesis |
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− | *Small memebrane coveres the opening of the oviduct into the cloaca in ducks, geese and swans until sexual maturity | + | *Small memebrane coveres the opening of the [Exotics - Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System & Physiology of Egg Formation - Anatomy & Physiology#Oviduct|oviduct]] into the cloaca in ducks, geese and swans until sexual maturity |