Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus

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CAEV

Antigenicity

  • Serologically related to Visna-Maedi with antigenic and genetic envelope differences

Hosts

  • Goats

Pathogenesis

Epidemiology

  • Transfer via milk and colostrum, particularly batch-mixing
  • Present in 10% of UK herds
  • Clinical disease is rare

Diagnosis

  • Visna-Maedi serology (ELISA) test can be used to remove positive stock

Control

  • Separate kids from virus positive mothers at birth
  • Treat mother's colostrum (56 deg for 1 hour)
  • Rear on artificial milk


Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis (CAE)

  • Caused by retrovirus (lentivirus) similar to Maedi Visna in sheep described above
  • Two forms:
    • Non-suppurative leukoencephalomyelitis in young goats and kids
    • Chronic, non-suppurative arthritis-synovitis in adult goats
  • Also causes interstitial pneumonia which tends to be obscured by other clinical signs
  • Gross pathology:
    • Mainly caudal lobes
    • Lungs are firm, grey-pink with grey-white focal lesions on cut surface
  • Micro pathology:
    • Thickened alveolar wall
    • Lymphocyte infiltration and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia
  • Can be confused with or coexisting with Parasitic pneumonia