Difference between revisions of "Feline Immunodeficiency Virus"
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| + | ==Description== | ||
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| + | ==Agent== | ||
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| + | ==Transmission and Epidemiology== | ||
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Feline Immunodeficiency Virus is commonly abbreviated to FIV | Feline Immunodeficiency Virus is commonly abbreviated to FIV | ||
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*Unrelated to HIV | *Unrelated to HIV | ||
*No vaccinal protection between USA Petulama prototype and UK (Hayling Island) isolate | *No vaccinal protection between USA Petulama prototype and UK (Hayling Island) isolate | ||
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*Cats, including large cats on game reserves | *Cats, including large cats on game reserves | ||
| + | *Transfer via '''saliva''', though usually through a '''bite''' (FIV is the '''disease of enemies''') | ||
| + | *Can transfer via '''milk''' or '''mutual grooming''' in multicat households | ||
| + | *Also transferred via '''mating''' | ||
| + | *Particular concern amongst '''stray males''': 3.5% of healthy UK cats are seropositive, but in stray toms, up to 10% are positive | ||
| + | *Four-fold more common in diseased cats than in healthy cats | ||
| − | + | ==Pathogenesis== | |
*Receptor: CD134, found on monocyte-derived macrophages and activated T cells | *Receptor: CD134, found on monocyte-derived macrophages and activated T cells | ||
**Net effect: disruption of acquired immune response | **Net effect: disruption of acquired immune response | ||
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**#*Virus-ridden T cell destroy normal T cells, causing chronic immunosuppression | **#*Virus-ridden T cell destroy normal T cells, causing chronic immunosuppression | ||
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| − | ==== | + | ==Diagnosis== |
| + | |||
| + | ===Clinical Signs=== | ||
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| + | ===Laboratory Tests=== | ||
*'''ELISA''' for serum '''antibody''' | *'''ELISA''' for serum '''antibody''' | ||
**False positives occur, particularly in the presence of maternal Ab | **False positives occur, particularly in the presence of maternal Ab | ||
*Positives can be confirmed by lab work (Western blotting) | *Positives can be confirmed by lab work (Western blotting) | ||
| − | ==== | + | ===Pathology=== |
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| + | ==Control== | ||
*'''No UK vaccine''' | *'''No UK vaccine''' | ||
*Healthy positive cats should have diagnose confirmed by further testing | *Healthy positive cats should have diagnose confirmed by further testing | ||
Revision as of 10:59, 27 August 2010
Description
Agent
Transmission and Epidemiology
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus is commonly abbreviated to FIV
- Unrelated to HIV
- No vaccinal protection between USA Petulama prototype and UK (Hayling Island) isolate
- Cats, including large cats on game reserves
- Transfer via saliva, though usually through a bite (FIV is the disease of enemies)
- Can transfer via milk or mutual grooming in multicat households
- Also transferred via mating
- Particular concern amongst stray males: 3.5% of healthy UK cats are seropositive, but in stray toms, up to 10% are positive
- Four-fold more common in diseased cats than in healthy cats
Pathogenesis
- Receptor: CD134, found on monocyte-derived macrophages and activated T cells
- Net effect: disruption of acquired immune response
- Infected cats develop antibody whether or not they are able to clear the virus
Two versions:
- Avirulent:
- Transient infection with no CD4 decline
- Virulent:
- Progressive CD4 decline with three stages (may present indistinct)
- High circulating virus for 1-10 weeks with resulting lymphoid depletion and CD8CD4 double positive Tcell destruction, thymic aplasia esp in kittens
- Remission: decrease in circulating virus as immune response increases, followed by immune exhaustion
- Increase in CD8+ production and antibody response
- Paracortical T cells and lymphoid follicles expand in primary and secondary lymph tissue and may be visible as white nodules
- Rapidly progressing infection with high virus present
- Feline AIDS presents in a minority of cases
- Nonregenerative anemia
- Leucopenia
- Neutropenia
- Skin infections
- Usually followed by secondary infection as a result of immunosuppression
- Virus-ridden T cell destroy normal T cells, causing chronic immunosuppression
- Progressive CD4 decline with three stages (may present indistinct)
Diagnosis
Clinical Signs
Laboratory Tests
- ELISA for serum antibody
- False positives occur, particularly in the presence of maternal Ab
- Positives can be confirmed by lab work (Western blotting)
Pathology
Control
- No UK vaccine
- Healthy positive cats should have diagnose confirmed by further testing
- Isolate and castrate
- Preventative neutering of males
(FIV)
- Lentivirus
- Subtypes A, B and D
- Causes increased susceptibility to infections and neoplasia
- Specifically destroys CD4+ T cells
- Virus is present in saliva, blood and other bodily fluids
- Feral and outdoor cats (mostly tom cats) are most at risk
- Virus replicates in lymphoid tissue
- Can remain asymptomatic
- Causes pyrexia and lymphadenopathy
- Transmitted by biting
- Diagnosis:
- ELISA
- Rapid-Immuno-Migration
- Western Blot
- Virus Isolation
- Immunofluorescence
- PCR
- Treatment:
- Antibiotics for secondary infection
- Anti-retroviral therapy
- For vaccinations see here