Difference between revisions of "Innate Immunity Flashcards"
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|q1=True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system | |q1=True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system | ||
|a1=True | |a1=True | ||
| − | |l1=Innate Immune System - | + | |l1=Innate Immune System - Introduction |
|q2=Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells? | |q2=Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells? | ||
|a2= | |a2= | ||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
*Mannose sugars | *Mannose sugars | ||
*D-isoform amino acids | *D-isoform amino acids | ||
| − | |l2= | + | |l2=Recognition of Microorganisms |
|q3=What recognises PAMPs? | |q3=What recognises PAMPs? | ||
|a3=Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) | |a3=Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) | ||
| − | |l3= | + | |l3=Recognition of Microorganisms |
|q4=Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located? | |q4=Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located? | ||
|a4=Cell membrane | |a4=Cell membrane | ||
| − | |l4= | + | |l4=Recognition of Microorganisms |
|q5=Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located? | |q5=Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located? | ||
|a5=Cell cytoplasm | |a5=Cell cytoplasm | ||
| − | |l5= | + | |l5=Recognition of Microorganisms |
|q6=Which catabolic enzymes digest microbes after phagocytosis? | |q6=Which catabolic enzymes digest microbes after phagocytosis? | ||
|a6= | |a6= | ||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
*Lipases | *Lipases | ||
*Proteases | *Proteases | ||
| − | |l6= | + | |l6=Phagocytosis |
|q7=True or False: Lysosomes do not use energy when they kill microbes | |q7=True or False: Lysosomes do not use energy when they kill microbes | ||
|a7= | |a7= | ||
*False | *False | ||
*Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes, killing microbes in an energy-dependent way | *Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes, killing microbes in an energy-dependent way | ||
| − | |l7= | + | |l7=Phagocytosis |
|q8=Name two physical barriers of the innate immune system | |q8=Name two physical barriers of the innate immune system | ||
|a8= | |a8= | ||
*Skin | *Skin | ||
*Mucous membranes | *Mucous membranes | ||
| − | |l8=Innate | + | |l8=Innate Immunity Barriers |
|q9=Name 3 biochemical barriers of the innate immune system | |q9=Name 3 biochemical barriers of the innate immune system | ||
|a9= | |a9= | ||
| Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
*Enzymes | *Enzymes | ||
*Mucous | *Mucous | ||
| − | |l9=Innate | + | |l9=Innate Immunity Barriers |
|q10=What is the function of commensal organisms? | |q10=What is the function of commensal organisms? | ||
|a10= | |a10= | ||
*Produce natural antibiotics | *Produce natural antibiotics | ||
*Outcompete pathogens at epithelial and mucosal surfaces | *Outcompete pathogens at epithelial and mucosal surfaces | ||
| − | |l10=Innate | + | |l10=Innate Immunity Barriers |
|q11=Complete the sentence about commensal organisms: | |q11=Complete the sentence about commensal organisms: | ||
<p>When commensals are disturbed, infection with ??? organisms is ???</p> | <p>When commensals are disturbed, infection with ??? organisms is ???</p> | ||
| Line 52: | Line 52: | ||
*opportunistic | *opportunistic | ||
*increased | *increased | ||
| − | |l11=Innate | + | |l11=Innate Immunity Barriers |
|q12=Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action | |q12=Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action | ||
|a12= | |a12= | ||
| Line 60: | Line 60: | ||
**Promotes phagocytosis or lysis of invading organisms | **Promotes phagocytosis or lysis of invading organisms | ||
*Interferons | *Interferons | ||
| − | ** | + | **Make uninfected cells resistant to infection and enhances expression of MHC molecules |
| − | |l12=Innate Immune System | + | |l12=Humoral Factors of Innate Immune System |
|q13=Which granulocytes are components of the innate immune response to infection? | |q13=Which granulocytes are components of the innate immune response to infection? | ||
|a13= | |a13= | ||
| Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
*Eosinophils | *Eosinophils | ||
*Basophils/mast cells | *Basophils/mast cells | ||
| − | |l13=Innate | + | |l13=Innate Immunity Cellular Responses |
|q14=Which other cells are components of the innate immune response to infection? | |q14=Which other cells are components of the innate immune response to infection? | ||
|a14=Monocytes | |a14=Monocytes | ||
*Tissue mast cells | *Tissue mast cells | ||
*Macrophages | *Macrophages | ||
| − | |l14=Innate | + | |l14=Innate Immunity Cellular Responses |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
===Innate Immunity to Viruses=== | ===Innate Immunity to Viruses=== | ||
| Line 78: | Line 78: | ||
|q1=What is the main element of a viral attack which the innate immune system can recognise? | |q1=What is the main element of a viral attack which the innate immune system can recognise? | ||
|a1=Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) | |a1=Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) | ||
| − | |l1= | + | |l1=Innate Immunity to Viruses |
|q2=Where are TLR3's located in the cell and what do they recognise? | |q2=Where are TLR3's located in the cell and what do they recognise? | ||
|a2= | |a2= | ||
*Cell surface | *Cell surface | ||
*Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) | *Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) | ||
| − | |l2= | + | |l2=Innate Immunity to Viruses |
|q3=What are the funtions of Type I Interferon production in response to a viral attack? | |q3=What are the funtions of Type I Interferon production in response to a viral attack? | ||
|a3= | |a3= | ||
| Line 89: | Line 89: | ||
*Inhibits protein synthesis | *Inhibits protein synthesis | ||
*Increases antigen presentation to antibody | *Increases antigen presentation to antibody | ||
| − | |l3= | + | |l3=Innate Immunity to Viruses |
|q4=Which cells are produced as the final line of response to viral attack and which cells do they target? | |q4=Which cells are produced as the final line of response to viral attack and which cells do they target? | ||
|a4= | |a4= | ||
*Natural Killer cells (NK cells) | *Natural Killer cells (NK cells) | ||
*Targets cells with decreased levels of MHC on their surface | *Targets cells with decreased levels of MHC on their surface | ||
| − | |l4= | + | |l4=Innate Immunity to Viruses |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
===Innate Immunity to Bacteria=== | ===Innate Immunity to Bacteria=== | ||
<FlashCard questions="2"> | <FlashCard questions="2"> | ||
|q1=What effects does the release of inflammatory cytokines have on the infected area? | |q1=What effects does the release of inflammatory cytokines have on the infected area? | ||
| − | |a1 | + | |a1= |
| − | * | + | *White blood cell influx |
*Vasodilation | *Vasodilation | ||
*Increase in vascular permeability | *Increase in vascular permeability | ||
*Sustains a rise in core temperature | *Sustains a rise in core temperature | ||
*Mediates the release of acute phase proteins from the liver | *Mediates the release of acute phase proteins from the liver | ||
| − | *Mediates | + | *Mediates bone marrow mobilisation |
| − | |l1= | + | |l1=Innate Immunity to Bacteria |
| − | |q2=Which cell is most important in the innate response to bacterial infection? | + | |q2=Which cell is the most important effector cell in the innate response to bacterial infection? |
|a2=Neutrophils | |a2=Neutrophils | ||
| − | |l2= | + | |l2=Innate Immunity to Bacteria |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
| − | + | <br><br> | |
| − | [[Category: | + | {{Jim Bee 2007}} |
| + | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Innate Immune System|Z]] | ||
Latest revision as of 09:30, 21 May 2012
Actions and Tools of the Innate Immune System
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system | True
|
Link to Article | |
| Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What recognises PAMPs? | Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
|
Link to Article | |
| Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located? | Cell membrane
|
Link to Article | |
| Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located? | Cell cytoplasm
|
Link to Article | |
| Which catabolic enzymes digest microbes after phagocytosis? |
|
Link to Article | |
| True or False: Lysosomes do not use energy when they kill microbes |
|
Link to Article | |
| Name two physical barriers of the innate immune system |
|
Link to Article | |
| Name 3 biochemical barriers of the innate immune system |
|
Link to Article | |
| What is the function of commensal organisms? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Complete the sentence about commensal organisms:
When commensals are disturbed, infection with ??? organisms is ??? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action |
|
Link to Article | |
| Which granulocytes are components of the innate immune response to infection? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Which other cells are components of the innate immune response to infection? | Monocytes
|
Link to Article | |
Innate Immunity to Viruses
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| What is the main element of a viral attack which the innate immune system can recognise? | Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)
|
Link to Article | |
| Where are TLR3's located in the cell and what do they recognise? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the funtions of Type I Interferon production in response to a viral attack? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Which cells are produced as the final line of response to viral attack and which cells do they target? |
|
Link to Article | |
Innate Immunity to Bacteria
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| What effects does the release of inflammatory cytokines have on the infected area? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Which cell is the most important effector cell in the innate response to bacterial infection? | Neutrophils
|
Link to Article | |
|
Originally funded by the RVC Jim Bee Award 2007 |