Palpable Points of the Dog - Anatomy & Physiology

This section has been fully reviewed, but still needs its pictures uploading.

()Map MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM (Map)

Forelimb

Shoulder

Skeleton

• Spine
• Scapula - spine, cranial angle, supraglenoid tubercle, acromion

Joint

• Flexion, extension, some abduction
• Joint cavity

Soft tissue

• Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, superficial and deep pectorals
• Biceps brachii tendon of origin
• Superficial cervical lymph node
• Brachial artery

Brachium

Skeleton

• Humeral shaft
• Greater and lesser tubercles
• Intertubercular groove
• Crest of the major tubercle
• Condyle and epicondyles

Soft tissue

• Biceps brachii
• Triceps brachii
• Brachialis
• Deltoid (acromial part)

Elbow and Antebrachium

Skeleton

• Radial head
• Olecranon
• Coronoid process
• Styloid process of radius and ulna

Joint

• Flexion and extension

Soft tissue

• Insertion of the triceps on the olecranon
• Extensor carpi radialis and common digital extensor
• Flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnaris lateralis
• Ligaments of the elbow
• Median artery pulse
• Cephalic vein venipuncture

Carpus and Metacarpus

Skeleton

• Accessory carpal bone and each metacarpal bone

Joint

• Flexion and extension

Soft tissue

• Termination of flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnaris lateralis on the accessory carpal bone
• Carpal canal
• Superficial digital flexor
• Carpal pad

Metacarpophalangeal Joints and Phalanges

• Each individual phalanx
• Flexion and extension of each MP and interphalangeal joint
• Flexor tendons crossing the palmar surface of the metacarpals and middle phalanx
• Claws of the digits
• Metacarpal pad and digital pads
• Digital artery

Hindlimb

Pelvis and Hip

Skeleton

• Tuber coxae and tuber sacrale
• Ischiatic tuberosity, arch and pubic tuberosity
• Greater trochanter of the femur
• Rectal examination is useful for diagnosing pelvic fractures

Joint

• Flexion and extension

Soft tissue

• Superficial and middle gluteal muscles
• Sacroiliac ligament

Thigh and Stifle

Skeleton

• Femoral shaft
• Greater trochanter
• Condyles
• Trochlear ridges
• Patella and fabellae

Joint

• Flexion, extension and mild rotation

Soft tissue

• Quadriceps femoris, Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus
• Patellar, collateral and cruciate ligaments
• Femoral artery
• Popliteal lymph node

Crus and Tarsus

Skeleton

• Tibial shaft, tibial tuberosity, cranial border and medial malleolus
• Fibular shaft, fibular head and lateral malleolus
• Trochlea of talus and tuber calcaneii

Joint

• Flexion and extension

Soft tissue

• Cranial tibialis, long digital extensor, gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor
• Achilles tendon, collateral ligaments and plantar ligament
• Dorsal pedal artery, lateral cephalic vein and tarsal pad

Metatarsus and Phalanges

• As for forelimb