Changes

Also known as: '''''Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease — RAO — COPD — Summer pasture-associated obstructive pulmonary disease — Heaves

 

|linkpage =Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders - Donkey

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

The early signs of RAO (or chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, summer pasture-associated obstructive pulmonary disease or heaves) are often missed in donkeys as they are not usually exercised and appear to have a relatively insensitive cough reflex. There is airway sensitivity to allergens found in inhaled organic dusts, which leads to an influx of neutrophils into the airways, accompanied by bronchospasm and mucus accumulation.

The early signs of RAO (or chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, summer pasture-associated obstructive pulmonary disease or heaves) are often missed in donkeys as they are not usually exercised and appear to have a relatively insensitive cough reflex. There is airway sensitivity to allergens found in inhaled organic dusts, which leads to an influx of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] into the airways, accompanied by bronchospasm and mucus accumulation.

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

* Durham, A. (2001). ‘Update on therapeutics for obstructive pulmonary diseases in horses’. ''In Practice'', 23 (8). pp 474-481.

* Durham, A. (2001). ‘Update on therapeutics for obstructive pulmonary diseases in horses’. ''In Practice'', 23 (8). pp 474-481.

* Robinson, N.E., Derksen, F.J., Jackson, C.A., Peroni, D., and Gerber, V. (2001). ‘Management of Heaves’. ''Equine Veterinary Education'', 13 (5). pp 247-259.

* Robinson, N.E., Derksen, F.J., Jackson, C.A., Peroni, D., and Gerber, V. (2001). ‘Management of Heaves’. ''Equine Veterinary Education'', 13 (5). pp 247-259.