Difference between revisions of "Respiratory System Clinical Signs - Pathology"

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|linkpage =Cardiorespiratory System - Pathology
 
|linktext =Cardiorespiratory System
 
|maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Pathology
 
|pagetype =Pathology
 
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<br>
 
 
===Nasal discharge===
 
===Nasal discharge===
 
*Bilateral discharge:
 
*Bilateral discharge:
**Lesion is caudal to nasal septum eg: pharyngeal lesion; LRT lesion in [[Hindgut Fermenters - Horse - Anatomy & Physiology|horses]]  
+
**Lesion is caudal to nasal septum eg: pharyngeal lesion; LRT lesion in [[Alimentary System  - Horse Anatomy|horses]]  
 
**Lesion has resulted in nasal septum destruction
 
**Lesion has resulted in nasal septum destruction
 
***[[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|Neoplasia]]
 
***[[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|Neoplasia]]
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===Facial swelling===
 
===Facial swelling===
 
*[[Nasal Cavity - Pathology|Nasal]]
 
*[[Nasal Cavity - Pathology|Nasal]]
*[[Nasopharynx - Pathology|Pharyngeal]]
+
*[[:Category:Nasopharynx - Pathology|Pharyngeal]]
  
  
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*Any location
 
*Any location
  
 +
===[[Epistaxis]]===
  
 
===Coughing===
 
===Coughing===
*[[Nasopharynx - Pathology|Pharynx]]
+
*[[:Category:Nasopharynx - Pathology|Pharynx]]
*[[Larynx - Pathology|Larynx]]
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*[[:Category:Larynx - Pathology|Larynx]]
*[[Trachea]]
+
*[[:Category:Trachea - Pathology|Trachea]]
 
 
  
 
===Dyspnoea/altered air flow===
 
===Dyspnoea/altered air flow===
 
*Respiratory noise
 
*Respiratory noise
 
 
 
===Epistaxis===
 
*Haemorrhage from the nose
 
*May originate from nasopharynx or lower respiratory tract
 
*Causes
 
**Inflammation eg: [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology|ulcerative rhinitis]]
 
**Neoplasia eg: [[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|infiltrating tumour]], haemangioma
 
**Trauma
 
**Clotting defects
 
 
 
*'''Horse''':
 
**[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|Nasal aspergillosis]]
 
**[[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Progressive ethmoidal haematoma|Ethmoidal haematoma]] = 'Haemorrhagic nasal polyp', 'Progressive haematoma' - arise from the ethmoid region and can extend to fill the nasal cavity. They can be difficult to control as they can recur after surgery.
 
***Histology - multiple areas of acute to chronic haemorrhage within a fibrous tissue stroma.
 
**[[Lungs - circulatory#Pulmonary haemorrhage|Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage]]
 
**Rupture of rectus capitus - profuse haemorrhage
 
**[[Guttural Pouches Inflammatory - Pathology|Mycotic infection of guttural pouches]]
 
**Nasolacrimal haemorrhage
 
**Nasal/pharyngeal trauma/foreign body
 
**[[Paranasal Sinuses Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|Sinus neoplasia]]
 
**[[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Nasal and paranasal sinus cysts|Sinus cyst]]
 
**[[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology|Sinusitis]]
 
**Lower airway disease
 
**[[Lungs - hyperplastic and neoplastic|Pulmonary neoplasia]]
 
**Cardiac
 
***Mitral insufficiency
 
***Atrial fibrillation
 
**Skeletal
 
***Head trauma
 
**Rarely hypertension or vascular aneurysms
 
 
*Blood stained nose at post-mortem - terminal pulmonary congestion, oedema, haemorrhage
 
 
  
 
===Dysphagia===
 
===Dysphagia===
  
 
*'''Horses'''
 
*'''Horses'''
**[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|Gastrointestinal tract]]
+
**[[Alimentary System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|Gastrointestinal tract]]
 
***[[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|Oesophageal]] obstruction
 
***[[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|Oesophageal]] obstruction
 
**Respiratory tract
 
**Respiratory tract
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***Pharyngeal paralysis
 
***Pharyngeal paralysis
 
**Neurological
 
**Neurological
***[[Guttural Pouches Inflammatory - Pathology|Guttural pouch mycosis]]
+
***[[Guttural Pouch Mycosis|Guttural pouch mycosis]]
***[[Intestines - physical disturbances#Dysautonomia|Equine grass sickness]]
+
***[[Grass Sickness|Equine grass sickness]]
***[[Clostridium species|Botulism]]
+
***[[Clostridium botulinum|Botulism]]
 
***Lead poisoning
 
***Lead poisoning
 
*Cleft palate
 
*Cleft palate
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**From Equine Respiratory Diseases edited by P. Lekeux, published by the International Veterinary Information Service (IVIS)  
 
**From Equine Respiratory Diseases edited by P. Lekeux, published by the International Veterinary Information Service (IVIS)  
 
**Requires IVIS membership
 
**Requires IVIS membership
 +
 +
 +
[[Category:Respiratory System - Pathology]]

Latest revision as of 17:34, 8 November 2012

Nasal discharge

  • Bilateral discharge:
  • Unilateral discharge:
    • Lesion is cranial to nasal septum eg: nasal or sinus lesion; pharyngeal or guttural pouch lesion in horses.
  • Type of discharge
    • Serous
    • Catarrhal
    • Purrulent
    • Haemorrhage

Sneezing

  • Nasal


Facial swelling


Pain

  • Any location

Epistaxis

Coughing

Dyspnoea/altered air flow

  • Respiratory noise

Dysphagia



  • Equine respiratory disease by clinical signs
    • Contains pictures and videos
    • From Equine Respiratory Diseases edited by P. Lekeux, published by the International Veterinary Information Service (IVIS)
    • Requires IVIS membership