Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards

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Question	Answer	Article
From which embyronic germ layer does the tunica muscularis develop?	Splanchnic mesoderm	Link to Answer Article
In development, how many degrees does the loop of gut rotate?	270	Link to Answer Article
Where is the myenteric plexus?	Between the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers of the tunica muscularis	Link to Answer Article
What are the functions of the small intestine?	Mixing, transportation, digestion and absorption	Link to Answer Article
Name the two types of muscle contraction in the small intestine.	Segemental and peristaltic	Link to Answer Article
What is the migrating myoelectric complex?	The peristaltic wave of contraction moves from the duodenum to the ileum	Link to Answer Article
What is the main structural difference between amylopectin and glycogen?	Both have α1-4 and α1-6 glycosidic bonds but glycogen has more α1-6 links, with shorter side chains	Link to Answer Article
What are the products of α-amylase digestion?	Di-, tri-, and oligo-saccharides	Link to Answer Article
Describe the mechanism of glucose absorption.	Na+/K+ pumps pump Na+ into the lumen. Na+ diffuses back into the enterocyte through a SGLT-1 symport which releases energy. Energy is used to transport glucose into the enterocyte up its concentration gradient.	Link to Answer Article
Which GLUT allows glucose to diffuse from the enterocyte to the blood?	GLUT 5	Link to Answer Article
Where does TAG digestion begin and with which enzyme?	Oral cavity with lingual lipase	Link to Answer Article
What are the functions of bile?	(i) emulsifies fat (ii) creates an interface for pancreatic lipase to digest water insoluble fat	Link to Answer Article
What positions can pancreatic lipase remove fatty acids from glycerol?	1 and 3	Link to Answer Article
What is the rate limiting step in TAG digestion?	Isomerase reaction	Link to Answer Article
How do TAG leave the enterocyte?	In chylomicrons through lacteals into the lymph	Link to Answer Article
Where does protein digestion begin and with which enzyme?	Stomach, with pepsin	Link to Answer Article
Name three endopeptidases present in the small intestine.	Trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase	Link to Answer Article
Where are carboxypeptidases produced?	In the pancreas, as zymogens	Link to Answer Article
How are di-, tri-, and oligo-peptides absorbed?	γ Glutamyl cycle	Link to Answer Article
Where effect does parasympathetic innervation have in the small intestine?	Increased motility and secretion	Link to Answer Article
Where are Brunner's glands located?	Submucosa of duodenum	Link to Answer Article
Name three cell types present in the muscosal crypts	(i)Goblet (ii)Entero-endocrine (iii) Paneth	Link to Answer Article

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