Subcutaneous Mycoses
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Rhinosporidiosis
- Rhinosporidium seeberi
- Lives in water
- Causes a chronic, benign disease
- Affects cattle, mules, horses, dogs and humans
- Causes polyps on the nasal and ocular mucous membranes
- Over 90% of cases affecting the nasal mucous membranes affects male animals
- Occurs most frequently in tropical countries
- Also common in the USA
- Large sporangia can be seen on wet mounts
- Endospores visible
- Sporangia develop into small, globose spores
- Treatment is by surgical excision
Sporotrichosis
- Sporothrix schenckii
- Occurs in soil, wood and vegetation
- Saprophyte of both decaying and healthy vegetation
- Worldwide
- Exogenous infections through wounds
- Sporadic infections
- Non-contageous
- Causes subcutaneous nodules or granulomas
- Nodules ulcerate discharging pus
- Spread via the lymphatics
- The bones and viscera can be involved which terminates in mortality
- This is rare
- Reported in dogs and horses
- Affects dogs, horses, cats, monkeys, mules, camels, donkeys, cattle, fowl and rodents
- Most commonly seen in horses as an ascending lymphocutaneous infection of the legs
- Can be confused with epizootic lymphangitis in horses
- Single cell, cigar shaped
- Usually found within neutrophils
- Yeast cell clusters with peripheral eosinophilic rays can be seen in tissue sections
- Stained using PAS, Gram stain (positive), fluorescent antibody and Calcofluor White
- Latex agglutination and immunodiffusion serology can be performed
- Grows on Blood agar and Sabouraud's Dextrose agar in one to three weeks
- At 37°C:
- Colonies are smooth, cream to tan coloured and soft
- No mycelium can be seen
- At 25°C to 27°C:
- Colonies turn from white and soft to tan to brown to black
- Leathery, wrinkled and coarse
- Mycelium can be seen as branching septate hyphae
- Conidiospores can also be seen
- At 37°C:
- Potassium iodide treatment orally
- 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B can also be used
Further Links
- Pathology of subcutaneous mycoses