Difference between revisions of "Uterine Inertia"

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* Protracted birth due to weak or absent uterine contractions.
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==Introduction==
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Uterine inertia describes the '''failure of the uterus''' to expel a foetus normally and is a common cause of [[Dystocia - Dog & Cat|'''canine and feline dystocia''']].
  
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Uterine inertia can be '''primary or secondary'''.
  
=== Primary Uterine Inertia ===
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== Primary Uterine Inertia ==
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This describes the '''total or partial absence of contractions''' to expel a normal foetus through an unobstructed birth canal.
  
* Lack of Oxytocin Receptors
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Several causes have been found:
* Lack or failure of Oxytocin release
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:'''Breed predisposition'''
* Lack or failure in Prostaglandin release
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:'''Large litter''' overstretching the uterus
* Obesity and lack of excercise in bitches. The small foetus cannot apply enough pressure on the uterine wall and cervix to set up the [[Parturition Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology|Fergusson reflex]].
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:'''Small litter''' not stimulating the uterus enough. Small foetuses cannot apply enough pressure on the uterine wall and cervix to set up the [[Parturition Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology|Fergusson reflex]].
* Foetus is too small, or not entering cervix.
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:'''Systemic disease''': Obesity and lack of excercise, hypocalcaemia, septicaemia.  
  
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Complete primary uterine inertia occurs if '''2nd stage labour''' does not begin. Partial inertia occurs if the 2nd stage begins but contractions soon fail.
  
=== Secondary Uterine Inertia ===
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== Secondary Uterine Inertia ==
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Uterine muscles become '''exhausted after prolonged contractio'''n against an obstructing or oversized foetus or during birth of a large litter. There is usually subclinical '''hypocalcaemia and/or hypoglycaemia'''.
 +
 
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This can occur in the sow, bitch and guinea pig.
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 +
 
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<big>'''See also: [[Dystocia - Dog & Cat|Dystocia in the Dog and Cat]]'''</big>
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{{Learning
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|flashcards = [[Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery Q&A 12]]
 +
}}
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==References==
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Pasquini, C. (1999) '''Tschauner's Guide to Small Animal Clinics''' ''Sudz Publishing''
 +
 
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Slatter, D. (2002) '''Textbook of small animal surgery''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''
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Noakes, D. (2001) '''Arthur's Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''
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[[Category:To Do - Helen]]
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[[Category:To Do - Review]]
  
* Dystocia with subsequent muscle failure
 
* Large number or size of offspring causes the uterine muscle to become stretched and fatigued.
 
* Common in sow, bitch and guinea pig
 
  
 
[[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Parturition]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog]]
 
[[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Parturition]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog]]
 
[[Category:To Do - Clinical]]
 
[[Category:To Do - Clinical]]

Revision as of 10:44, 19 October 2011

Introduction

Uterine inertia describes the failure of the uterus to expel a foetus normally and is a common cause of canine and feline dystocia.

Uterine inertia can be primary or secondary.

Primary Uterine Inertia

This describes the total or partial absence of contractions to expel a normal foetus through an unobstructed birth canal.

Several causes have been found:

Breed predisposition
Large litter overstretching the uterus
Small litter not stimulating the uterus enough. Small foetuses cannot apply enough pressure on the uterine wall and cervix to set up the Fergusson reflex.
Systemic disease: Obesity and lack of excercise, hypocalcaemia, septicaemia.

Complete primary uterine inertia occurs if 2nd stage labour does not begin. Partial inertia occurs if the 2nd stage begins but contractions soon fail.

Secondary Uterine Inertia

Uterine muscles become exhausted after prolonged contraction against an obstructing or oversized foetus or during birth of a large litter. There is usually subclinical hypocalcaemia and/or hypoglycaemia.

This can occur in the sow, bitch and guinea pig.


See also: Dystocia in the Dog and Cat


Uterine Inertia Learning Resources
FlashcardsFlashcards logo.png
Flashcards
Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions
Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery Q&A 12


References

Pasquini, C. (1999) Tschauner's Guide to Small Animal Clinics Sudz Publishing

Slatter, D. (2002) Textbook of small animal surgery Elsevier Health Sciences

Noakes, D. (2001) Arthur's Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics Elsevier Health Sciences