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Line 1: − *this results from inadequate [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] function+ − *occurs even though the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] has a large functional reserve and a high regenerative capacity+ − + − *low liver mass+ − **the functional reserve is depleted+ + + + − *remodelling of the vascular and connective components after damage − **this may lead to inadequate nutritional supply to the hepatocytes, thus reducing their function − *impaired function of one specific or many of its diverse functions − **eg failure of detoxification − ***aldosterone - a failure of its proper inactivation results in hypervolaemia since a feature of this hormone is to cause sodium and hence water rentention − ****this is a factor in the development of ascites − ***oestrogen - a failure of its proper inactivation will result in an accumulation of this hormone with atrophy of the genitals and an enlargement of the breasts in the male − ***plant pigments - failure to detoxify will lead to their accumulation in the tissues and photosenistisation may result if they are photodynamic − **eg metabolic upset − ***the failing [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] is unable to convert ammonia to urea, resulting in a rise in the level of blood ammonia − ***lowered level of plasma albumin contributes to the development of ascites − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Line 32:
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==Introduction==
Liver failure results from inadequate [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] function. It occurs even though the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] has a large functional reserve and a high regenerative capacity.
===Causes===
==Causes==
===Low Liver Mass===
With low liver mass the functional reserve is depleted
NB: [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] enzyme levels in blood may not be markedly raised in chronic ongoing [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] damage because there may be few [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] cells remaining to leak enyzmes
NB: [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] enzyme levels in blood may not be markedly raised in chronic ongoing [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] damage because there may be few [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] cells remaining to leak enyzmes
===Syndromes in liver failure===
===Remodelling of the Vascular and Connective Components after Damage===
This may lead to inadequate nutritional supply to the hepatocytes, thus reducing their function
===Impaired Function of One Specific/Many of its Diverse Functions===
'''1) Failure of detoxification'''
'''Aldosterone''' - a failure of its proper inactivation results in hypervolaemia since a feature of this hormone is to cause sodium and hence water rentention. This is a factor in the development of ascites
'''Oestrogen''' - a failure of its proper inactivation will result in an accumulation of this hormone with atrophy of the genitals and an enlargement of the breasts in the male
'''Plant Pigments''' - failure to detoxify will lead to their accumulation in the tissues and photosenistisation may result if they are photodynamic
'''2) Metabolic upset'''
*The failing [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] is unable to convert ammonia to urea, resulting in a rise in the level of blood ammonia
*Lowered level of plasma albumin contributes to the development of ascites
==Syndromes in liver failure==
[[Icterus]]
[[Icterus]]
[[Category:Liver - General Pathology]]
[[Category:Liver - General Pathology]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
[[Category:To Do - Siobhan Brade]]