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−*this results from inadequate [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] function+*occurs even though the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] has a large functional reserve and a high regenerative capacity+
−*low liver mass+**the functional reserve is depleted+
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*remodelling of the vascular and connective components after damage
−**this may lead to inadequate nutritional supply to the hepatocytes, thus reducing their function
−*impaired function of one specific or many of its diverse functions
−**eg failure of detoxification
−***aldosterone - a failure of its proper inactivation results in hypervolaemia since a feature of this hormone is to cause sodium and hence water rentention
−****this is a factor in the development of ascites
−***oestrogen - a failure of its proper inactivation will result in an accumulation of this hormone with atrophy of the genitals and an enlargement of the breasts in the male
−***plant pigments - failure to detoxify will lead to their accumulation in the tissues and photosenistisation may result if they are photodynamic
−**eg metabolic upset
−***the failing [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] is unable to convert ammonia to urea, resulting in a rise in the level of blood ammonia
−***lowered level of plasma albumin contributes to the development of ascites
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==Introduction==
−Liver failure results from inadequate [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] function. It occurs even though the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] has a large functional reserve and a high regenerative capacity.
−===Causes===
+==Causes==
−===Low Liver Mass===
+With low liver mass the functional reserve is depleted
+NB: [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] enzyme levels in blood may not be markedly raised in chronic ongoing [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] damage because there may be few [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] cells remaining to leak enyzmes
NB: [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] enzyme levels in blood may not be markedly raised in chronic ongoing [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] damage because there may be few [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] cells remaining to leak enyzmes
−===Syndromes in liver failure===
+===Remodelling of the Vascular and Connective Components after Damage===
+This may lead to inadequate nutritional supply to the hepatocytes, thus reducing their function
+===Impaired Function of One Specific/Many of its Diverse Functions===
+'''1) Failure of detoxification'''
+'''Aldosterone''' - a failure of its proper inactivation results in hypervolaemia since a feature of this hormone is to cause sodium and hence water rentention. This is a factor in the development of ascites
+'''Oestrogen''' - a failure of its proper inactivation will result in an accumulation of this hormone with atrophy of the genitals and an enlargement of the breasts in the male
+'''Plant Pigments''' - failure to detoxify will lead to their accumulation in the tissues and photosenistisation may result if they are photodynamic
+'''2) Metabolic upset'''
+*The failing [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] is unable to convert ammonia to urea, resulting in a rise in the level of blood ammonia
+*Lowered level of plasma albumin contributes to the development of ascites
+==Syndromes in liver failure==
[[Icterus]]
[[Icterus]]
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[[Category:Liver - General Pathology]]
[[Category:Liver - General Pathology]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
+[[Category:To Do - Siobhan Brade]]