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[[Image:LH Macrophage Histology.jpg|thumb|right|125px|<p>'''Macrophage'''</p>^{© Nottingham Uni}]]

[[Image:LH Macrophage Histology.jpg|thumb|right|125px|<p>'''Macrophage'''</p>^{© Nottingham Uni}]]

Pathogens can invade the body if a breach occurs in the barriers formed by the skin and mucus membranes, for example a wound, they must be detected and destroyed by cellular and humoral means.<br />

Pathogens can invade the body if a breach occurs in the barriers formed by the skin and mucus membranes, for example a wound, they must be detected and destroyed by cellular and [[Humoral Factors of Innate Immune System|humoral]] means.<br />

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The cells involved in the cellular response to a wound are:

The cells involved in the cellular response to a wound are:

* Tissue mast cells and '''[[Macrophages|macrophages]]''' that initially phagocytose and detect bacteria or fungi<br />

* Tissue [[Mast Cells|mast cells]] and '''[[Macrophages|macrophages]]''' that initially [[Phagocytosis|phagocytose]] and detect [[Bacteria|bacteria]] or [[fungi]]<br />

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* The blood granulocytes, or Polymorphonuclear (PMN: multi-lobed nuclei) Cells

* The blood [[Blood Cells - Overview#White Blood Cells|granulocytes]], or polymorphonuclear (PMN: multi-lobed nuclei) cells

** The '''[[Neutrophils|Neutrophils]]''' are the most abundant as they are the primary cells that phagocytose bacteria, and the larger fungi

** The '''[[Neutrophils|neutrophils]]''' are the most abundant as they are the primary cells that phagocytose bacteria, and the larger fungi

** The '''[[Eosinophils|Eosinophils]]''' and '''[[Basophils|Basophils]] / [[Mast Cells| mast cells]]''' are only needed in rare circumstances as they are for killing parasites by the release of granules (exocytosis).

** The '''[[Eosinophils|eosinophils]]''' and '''[[Basophils|basophils]] / [[Mast Cells| mast cells]]''' are only needed in rare circumstances as they are for killing parasites by the release of granules (exocytosis).

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* Blood '''[[Monocytes|monocytes]]''': phagocytose bacteria

* Blood '''[[Monocytes|monocytes]]''': phagocytose bacteria

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The main role of the innate cellular response is to delay systemic infection until the [[Adaptive Immune System|adaptive response]] can back it up with a more specific attack

The main role of the innate cellular response is to delay systemic infection until the [[Adaptive Immune System|adaptive response]] can back it up with a more specific attack.

==[[Macrophages|Macrophages]]==

==[[Macrophages|Macrophages]]==

* Glomerular macrophages (kidney)

* Glomerular macrophages (kidney)

* Hepatic Küpffer cells (liver)

* Hepatic Küpffer cells (liver)

* CNS microglia (Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord)

* CNS microglia (central nervous system: brain and spinal cord)

* Sinus-lining macrophages of the lymph nodes and spleen

* Sinus-lining macrophages of the lymph nodes and spleen

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When [[Phagocytosis|phagocytosis]] of the bacteria or fungi by the tissue macrophages occurs they release a number of [[Cytokines|cytokines]] that have many effects. The first being the activation of the endothelium that results in the expression of adhesion molecules that allow leukocytes, in particular the [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] to bind to the endothelium from the bloodstream and the subsequent [[Neutrophils|extravasation]] (movement out of the bloodstream). Once the leukocytes are out of the bloodstream, the cytokines released by the tissue macrophages act as chemoattractants that enable the chemotaxis of the leukocytes to the site of infection.   

When [[Phagocytosis|phagocytosis]] of the bacteria or fungi by the tissue macrophages occurs, they release a number of [[Cytokines|cytokines]] that have many effects. The first being the activation of the endothelium that results in the expression of adhesion molecules that allow leukocytes, in particular the [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] to bind to the endothelium from the bloodstream and the subsequent [[Neutrophils#Exocytosis|extravasation]] (movement out of the bloodstream). Once the leukocytes are out of the bloodstream, the cytokines released by the tissue macrophages act as chemoattractants that enable the chemotaxis of the leukocytes to the site of infection.   

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