Changes

The right kidney is to be found ventrally to, and between, the last 2 ribs and first lumbar transverse process. Cranially it touches the [[Alimentary System - Horse Anatomy#Liver|liver]] and caudally it is attached to the [[Alimentary System - Horse Anatomy#Pancreas|pancreas]] and the base of [[Alimentary System - Horse Anatomy#Large Intestine|caecum]]. The [[Alimentary System - Horse Anatomy#Small Intestine|duodenum]] winds around its lateral and then ventral surfaces.  Medially is the caudal vena cava and [[Equine Endocrine System - Horse Anatomy#Adrenal Glands|adrenal gland]].

The right kidney is to be found ventrally to, and between, the last 2 ribs and first lumbar transverse process. Cranially it touches the [[Alimentary System - Horse Anatomy#Liver|liver]] and caudally it is attached to the [[Alimentary System - Horse Anatomy#Pancreas|pancreas]] and the base of [[Alimentary System - Horse Anatomy#Large Intestine|caecum]]. The [[Alimentary System - Horse Anatomy#Small Intestine|duodenum]] winds around its lateral and then ventral surfaces.  Medially is the caudal vena cava and [[Equine Endocrine System - Horse Anatomy#Adrenal Glands|adrenal gland]].

The left kidney is between the last rib and 3rd transverse process.  Its ventral surface is almost completely covered by the peritoneum and contacts the [[Alimentary System - Horse Anatomy#Small Intestine|small intestine]] and and [[Alimentary System - Horse Anatomy#Large Intestine|small colon]].  The spleen contacts it cranioventrally.  Medially is the left [[Equine Endocrine System - Horse Anatomy#Adrenal Glands|adrenal gland]]and aorta.

The left kidney is between the last rib and 3rd transverse process.  Its ventral surface is almost completely covered by the peritoneum and contacts the [[Alimentary System - Horse Anatomy#Small Intestine|small intestine]] and and [[Alimentary System - Horse Anatomy#Large Intestine|small colon]].  The spleen contacts it cranioventrally.  Medially is the left [[Equine Endocrine System - Horse Anatomy#Adrenal Glands|adrenal gland] and aorta.

===The Basic Components of the Kidney===

===The Basic Components of the Kidney===

*[[Nephron Microscopic Anatomy #The Distal Tubule| Distal convoluted tubule]]

*[[Nephron Microscopic Anatomy #The Distal Tubule| Distal convoluted tubule]]

*[[WikiWords#Urinary Section| Medullary Rays]]

*[[WikiWords#Urinary Section| Medullary Rays]]

====Renal Medulla====

====Renal Medulla====

The renal medulla is the inner layer of renal parenchyma.  In the horse, medullary pyramids and their papillae are completely fused to form a '''renal crest'''; hence they are said to have a '''unilobar''' type of kidney. The medulla can be split into two parts, the outer and the inner. Different parts of the [[:Category:Nephron| nephron]] reside in these areas.

The renal medulla is the inner layer of renal parenchyma.  In the horse, medullary pyramids and their papillae are completely fused to form a '''renal crest'''; hence they are said to have a '''unilobar''' type of kidney. The medulla can be split into two parts, the outer and the inner. Different parts of the [[:Category:Nephron| nephron]] reside in these areas.

The outer stripe contains the straight proximal tubules and the inner does not.  However the inner contains thin ascending limbs and the outer does not.  This difference makes up the anatomical demarcation between the two stripes.

The outer stripe contains the straight proximal tubules and the inner does not.  However the inner contains thin ascending limbs and the outer does not.  This difference makes up the anatomical demarcation between the two stripes.

=====Inner Medulla=====

=====Inner Medulla=====

The inner medulla only contains the following parts:

The inner medulla only contains the following parts:

*[[Nephron Microscopic Anatomy #Collecting Duct| Collecting ducts]]

*[[Nephron Microscopic Anatomy #Collecting Duct| Collecting ducts]]

*[[Nephron Microscopic Anatomy  #The Vasa Recta| Vasa recta]]

*[[Nephron Microscopic Anatomy  #The Vasa Recta| Vasa recta]]

===Renal Pelvis===

===Renal Pelvis===

The renal pelvis is located within the renal sinus. The '''renal sinus''' is located within an indentation on the medial side of the kidney.  The renal sinus is a potential space, which is occupied by the ureter, branches of the renal artery and vein, lymphatics and nerves that enter the kidney at the hilus.  The '''renal''' crest opens into the renal pelvis. The renal pelvis then drains into the ureters.  The renal pelvis is lined with transitional epithelium and contains mucous glands in the horse; giving urine a frothy appearence. The '''terminal recess''' is unique to the horse. This is a long tube-like structure that collects urine from the poles of the kidneys into the renal pelvis.

The renal pelvis is located within the renal sinus. The '''renal sinus''' is located within an indentation on the medial side of the kidney.  The renal sinus is a potential space, which is occupied by the ureter, branches of the renal artery and vein, lymphatics and nerves that enter the kidney at the hilus.  The '''renal''' crest opens into the renal pelvis. The renal pelvis then drains into the ureters.  The renal pelvis is lined with transitional epithelium and contains mucous glands in the horse; giving urine a frothy appearence. The '''terminal recess''' is unique to the horse. This is a long tube-like structure that collects urine from the poles of the kidneys into the renal pelvis.

 

===Innervation===

===Innervation===

The kidney receives sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres from the '''solar plexus'''.  These fibres travel with renal arteries.  Sympathetic fibres synapse in '''coeliac ganglion''' and '''cranial mesenteric ganglion'''.

The kidney receives sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres from the '''solar plexus'''.  These fibres travel with renal arteries.  Sympathetic fibres synapse in '''coeliac ganglion''' and '''cranial mesenteric ganglion'''.

===Lymphatic Drainage===

===Lymphatic Drainage===

* Renal lymph nodes

* Renal lymph nodes