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Viral skin infections - Pathology (view source)
Revision as of 12:09, 31 July 2008
, 12:09, 31 July 2008New page: {{toplink |backcolour = FFCCCC |linkpage =Integumentary System - Pathology |linktext =Integumentary System |maplink = Integumentary System (Content Map) - Pathology |pagetype =Pathology |...
{{toplink
|backcolour = FFCCCC
|linkpage =Integumentary System - Pathology
|linktext =Integumentary System
|maplink = Integumentary System (Content Map) - Pathology
|pagetype =Pathology
|sublink1 = Skin Infectious – Pathology
|subtext1 = SKIN INFECTIOUS
}}
<br>
===[[Poxviruses]]===
*Lesion development:
**Due to viral invasion of epithelium
**Vascular injury -> ischaemic necrosis
**Stimulation of host DNA -> hyperplastic nodules
*Cutaneous lesions:
**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Macule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|papule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|vesicle]] -> umbilicated [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|crust]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathologyglossary|scar]]
====Contagious ecthyma====
[[Image: Contagious ecthyma.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Contagious ecthyma (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]]
*Also called '''contagious pustular dermatitis, orf, sore mouth'''
*Caused by a [[Poxviruses#Contagious ecthyma|parapox virus]]
*Affects mainly young sheep, less commonly cattle, humans, dogs
*Starts in abrasions around mouth commisures and spreads to [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lips]], oral mucosa, eyelids and feet
*May also transfer to teats of the mother of an affected lamb
*Lesions typical of poxvirus but very brief vesicle stage
*Most obvious is the proliferative pustular stage
===[[Herpesviridae|Herpesviruses]]===
*Cutaneous lesions may develop with nondermatotropic viruses:
**[[Viral infections#Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)|Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis]] (bovine herpes virus - 1)
**Equine coital exanthema (equine herpes virus - 3)
**[[Viral infections#Feline viral rhinotracheitis|Feline herpes virus -1]] (rarely)
*Dermatotropic viruses:
**'''Bovine herpes virus - 2 = Bovine herpes mammillitis virus'''
***May cause generalised disease - pseudolumpy skin
***Localised disease - bovine herpes mammillitis
****Mostly in lactating cows
****Skin trauma is essential for virus invasion
****Decreased milk production and secondary bacterial mastitis
****Lesion occur on teats, udder, sometimes perineum, on muzzle of suckling calves
**'''Bovine herpes virus - 4 = Bovine herpes mammary pustular dermatitis'''
***Similar to localised BHV-2 but milder disease
*May be latent and reappear at times of stress
*Grossly:
**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Vesicles, ulcers, crusts]]
*Microscopically:
**Intraepidermal vesicle
**Epidermal cell degeneration
**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Acantholysis]]
**Syncytial cells may form
**Intracellular inclusion bodies may be found at edges of ulcers
**Rapid necrosis
===Other viruses===
*Cutaneous lesion are seen with:
**[[Picornaviridae]]
***[[Oral Cavity - Cavity & Gingiva#Foot and Mouth disease|Foot-and-mouth disease]]
***[[Oral Cavity - Cavity & Gingiva#Swine Vesicular Disease|Swine vesicular disease]]
**[[Rhabdoviridae]]
***Vesicular stomatitis
**[[Caliciviridae]]
***Vesicular exanthema
**[[Retroviridae]]
***'''Feline leukemia virus'''
****Cutaneous horns on foot pads
****Epidermal and follicular epithelial hyperplasia, epidermal giant cells, dyskeratosis, necrosis, ulceration
***'''Feline immunodeficiency virus'''
|backcolour = FFCCCC
|linkpage =Integumentary System - Pathology
|linktext =Integumentary System
|maplink = Integumentary System (Content Map) - Pathology
|pagetype =Pathology
|sublink1 = Skin Infectious – Pathology
|subtext1 = SKIN INFECTIOUS
}}
<br>
===[[Poxviruses]]===
*Lesion development:
**Due to viral invasion of epithelium
**Vascular injury -> ischaemic necrosis
**Stimulation of host DNA -> hyperplastic nodules
*Cutaneous lesions:
**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Macule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|papule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|vesicle]] -> umbilicated [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|crust]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathologyglossary|scar]]
====Contagious ecthyma====
[[Image: Contagious ecthyma.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Contagious ecthyma (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]]
*Also called '''contagious pustular dermatitis, orf, sore mouth'''
*Caused by a [[Poxviruses#Contagious ecthyma|parapox virus]]
*Affects mainly young sheep, less commonly cattle, humans, dogs
*Starts in abrasions around mouth commisures and spreads to [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lips]], oral mucosa, eyelids and feet
*May also transfer to teats of the mother of an affected lamb
*Lesions typical of poxvirus but very brief vesicle stage
*Most obvious is the proliferative pustular stage
===[[Herpesviridae|Herpesviruses]]===
*Cutaneous lesions may develop with nondermatotropic viruses:
**[[Viral infections#Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)|Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis]] (bovine herpes virus - 1)
**Equine coital exanthema (equine herpes virus - 3)
**[[Viral infections#Feline viral rhinotracheitis|Feline herpes virus -1]] (rarely)
*Dermatotropic viruses:
**'''Bovine herpes virus - 2 = Bovine herpes mammillitis virus'''
***May cause generalised disease - pseudolumpy skin
***Localised disease - bovine herpes mammillitis
****Mostly in lactating cows
****Skin trauma is essential for virus invasion
****Decreased milk production and secondary bacterial mastitis
****Lesion occur on teats, udder, sometimes perineum, on muzzle of suckling calves
**'''Bovine herpes virus - 4 = Bovine herpes mammary pustular dermatitis'''
***Similar to localised BHV-2 but milder disease
*May be latent and reappear at times of stress
*Grossly:
**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Vesicles, ulcers, crusts]]
*Microscopically:
**Intraepidermal vesicle
**Epidermal cell degeneration
**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Acantholysis]]
**Syncytial cells may form
**Intracellular inclusion bodies may be found at edges of ulcers
**Rapid necrosis
===Other viruses===
*Cutaneous lesion are seen with:
**[[Picornaviridae]]
***[[Oral Cavity - Cavity & Gingiva#Foot and Mouth disease|Foot-and-mouth disease]]
***[[Oral Cavity - Cavity & Gingiva#Swine Vesicular Disease|Swine vesicular disease]]
**[[Rhabdoviridae]]
***Vesicular stomatitis
**[[Caliciviridae]]
***Vesicular exanthema
**[[Retroviridae]]
***'''Feline leukemia virus'''
****Cutaneous horns on foot pads
****Epidermal and follicular epithelial hyperplasia, epidermal giant cells, dyskeratosis, necrosis, ulceration
***'''Feline immunodeficiency virus'''