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| − | <big><center>[[Bones|'''BACK TO BONES''']]</center></big>
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| − | ===Changes to normal structure===
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| − | **Damage to periosteum:
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| − | ***Invokes a hyperplastic reaction of the inner layer
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| − | ***Is painful
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| − | ***Exostoses can remodel or remain
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| − | **Lifting of periosteum causes new bone formation below
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| − | **Circumferential incision (e.g. during [[Bones - fractures|fracture]])
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| − | ***Longitudinal bone growth results
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| − | ***May be only on one side where periosteum is damaged
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| − | ****Used by surgeons to treat [[Bones - developmental#Angular limb deformity|angular limb deformities]]
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| − | ===Physis (Growth plate)===
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| − | *Site of many '''congenital''' or '''nutritional''' bone diseases in the growing animal
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| − | *'''Open''' in neonates and growing animals
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| − | **Chondrocyte proliferation balances cell maturation and death
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| − | *'''Closes and ossifies''' at maturity
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| − | **Regulated by androgens
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| − | *If growth teporarily stops -> layer of bone seals the growth plate -> moves into metaphysis when growth resumes -> forms '''Harris lines'''
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