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Bovine Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 11:07, 26 August 2008
, 11:07, 26 August 2008→Intrinsic Musculature
*Caudal (Flexors): Axillary n. of the brachial plexus
*Caudal (Flexors): Axillary n. of the brachial plexus
**'''Deltoids'''
**'''Deltoids'''
***Origin: caudal border and spine of the scapula
***Origin: caudal border and spine of the scapula, acromion
****One head in the horse and two in species with an acromion (site of second origin)
****Two heads of origin
***Insertion: deltoid tuberosity on the humerus
***Insertion: deltoid tuberosity on the humerus
**'''Teres Major'''
**'''Teres Major'''
====Muscles of the Elbow====
====Muscles of the Elbow====
''Extensors'': Radial n. from the brachial plexus
''Extensors'': Radial n. from the brachial plexus
*'''Triceps brachii''': Three heads, four in the dog
*'''Triceps brachii''': Three heads,the medial branch is the most developed
**Long head: caudal margin of the scapula
**Long head: caudal margin of the scapula
**Lateral, medial, and accessory heads: shaft of the humerus
**Lateral, medial, and accessory heads: shaft of the humerus
*'''Tensor fasciae antebrachii'''
*'''Tensor fasciae antebrachii'''
**Overlies triceps extending from scapula to olecranon
**Overlies triceps extending from scapula to olecranon
''Flexors'': Musculocutaneous n. from the brachial plexus
''Flexors'': Musculocutaneous n. from the brachial plexus
**Insertion: spirals to insert next to biceps
**Insertion: spirals to insert next to biceps
====Muscles of the Carpal and Digital Joints====
====Muscles of the Carpal and Digital Joints====
**Origin: cranial radius
**Origin: cranial radius
**Insertion: most medial metacarpal bone
**Insertion: most medial metacarpal bone
*Last two may also serve in medial deviation of the paw
*Last two may also serve in medial deviation of the foot
*'''Common Digital Extensor'''
*'''Common Digital Extensor'''
**Insertion: extensor process of the distal phalanx of each digit
**Insertion: extensor process of the distal phalanx of each digit
*'''Lateral Digital Extensor'''
*'''Lateral Digital Extensor'''
**Insertion: dorsal proximal phalanx
**Insertion: dorsal proximal phalanges
*'''Medial Digital Extensor'''
**Insertion: middle and distal phalanges
''Flexors'': Median or Ulnar n. of the brachial plexus
''Flexors'': Median or Ulnar n. of the brachial plexus
*Caudal position on the forearm
*Caudal position on the forearm
*Originate from the caaudal medial epicondyle of the humerus
*Originate from the caudal medial epicondyle of the humerus
*'''Flexor carpi radialis''': most medial, inserts on upper 2nd/3rd metacarpal bone
*'''Flexor carpi radialis''': most medial, inserts on upper 2nd/3rd metacarpal bone
*'''Flexor carpi ulnaris''': most lateral, inserts on the accessory carpal bone
*'''Flexor carpi ulnaris''': most lateral, inserts on the accessory carpal bone
*'''Superficial Digital Flexor'''
*'''Superficial Digital Flexor'''
**Branches according to the number of digis and inserts in proximal interphalangeal joint
**Inserion: palmar surface of middle phalanges
*'''Deep Digital Flexor'''
*'''Deep Digital Flexor'''
**Passes through carpal canal before branching and continues to palmar distal phalanges
**Passes through carpal canal before branching and continues to palmar distal phalanges
''Interosseus muscles''
''Interosseus muscles''
*Support metacarpophalnageal joints
*This is covered in more detail in the [[Bovine Phalanges - Anatomy & Physiology|bovine phalanges]] section.
==Vasculature of the Forelimb==
==Vasculature of the Forelimb==