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→Histoplasmosis
*Commonly pulmonary infections occur
*Commonly pulmonary infections occur
**Other organs can be involved
**Other organs can be involved
**Involves the reticuloendothelial system
**Intestinal form can also occur
*Acute and chronic disease can occur
*Endemic to the USA
*Endemic to the USA
*Respiratory infection
*Respiratory infection
**Infection via ingestion can also occur
*Affects dogs, cats, cattle, horses and humans
*Found in soil contaminated by bird droppings, decaying vegetation and in caves inhabited by bats
*Fine, branching, septate hyphae with smooth-walled pyriform to spherical microconidia and large, thick-walled tuberculate macroconidia on simple conidiophores
*Dimorphic fungi
*Affects dogd, cats, cattle, horses and humans
*Hard to demonstrate in smears as the organisms is very small
**Stain with Giemsa or Wright and examine under oil immersion lens
*Present intracellularly in macrophages as oval yeast cells with few buds
*Present intracellularly in macrophages as oval yeast cells with few buds
**Clear halo is seen around the darker staining central material
*Found in soil contaminated by bird droppings and in caes inhabited by bats
*Grows on Sabouraud's Dextrose agar
**Creamy white turning tan and then brown
*Fine, branching, septate hyphae with smooth-walled pyriform to spherical microconidia and large, thick-walled tuberculate macroconidia on simple conidiophores
*Also grows on Blood agar
**Small, white yeast-like colonies
*Test using immunodiffusion, complement fixation and counterimmunoelectrophoresis
**Skin test of little value as it only indicates exposure
*Treatment with [[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|Amphotericin B]]
**If [[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|Amphotericin B]] is contra-indicated, [[Antifungal Drugs#Imidazoles|imidazoles]] can be given orally
*THe prognosis is poor in acute and disseminated cases
==Zygomycosis==
==Zygomycosis==