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| | ==Infection of teeth== | | ==Infection of teeth== |
| − | ===[[Dental caries]]===
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| − | ===[[Infundibular Impaction]]===
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| − | ===Direct infection of pulp cavity=== | + | ===[[Alveolar Periostitis]]=== |
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| − | [[Pulp Cavity Infection]] | |
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| − | ===Gingival crevice inflammation===
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| − | *Mostly in carnivores (also cats), may occur in horses.
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| − | *[[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|Gingival]] inflammation starts because of dental calculus (tartar) from diets high in minerals and diets consisting of soft rather than hard crunchy food.
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| − | *Dental plaque becomes calcified and whole [[Crown - Anatomy & Physiology|crown]] may become covered in brown chalky material.
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| − | *Calculus gives brittle dirty brown covering to [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]].
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| − | *This may not affect [[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel]] at all but may produce mild [[Cavity & Gingiva - Pathology|gingivitis]] round edge and the gum may start to recede.
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| − | *This exposes more of [[Crown - Anatomy & Physiology|crown]], may reach level of [[Dentine - Anatomy & Physiology|dentine]] and infection may enter the alveolus and loosen ligaments holding [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] in and ultimately the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] will become loose and fall out.
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| − | *Pyorrhoea is unusual in sheep but, nonetheless, periodontal disease with “broken mouth” is a major cause of culling of ageing ewes.
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| − | ===Alveolar Periostitis=== | |
| − | *A more virulent infection into the alveolus produces alveolar periostitis.
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| − | *Infection spreads from [[Pulp - Anatomy & Physiology|pulp]] or from gingivitis to produce the periostitis.
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| − | *This may then break out of the alveolus into the bone causing [[Bones Inflammatory - Pathology#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]].
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| − | **Seen in infection of carnassial teeth in dogs as chronic sinus discharging below eye. So called 'malar' abscess.
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| − | *Only treated by removal of [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]].
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| − | *Abscess may break through into maxillary sinus. If drained will get recovery.
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| − | **Other maxillary cheek [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] can be involved in pyaemic infection with sinus formation.
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| − | *Hard to evaluate on [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandible (mandibula)|mandible]], may produce fistula that also needs [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] removal.
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| | ==Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous Inflammation== | | ==Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous Inflammation== |