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| | ==Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous Inflammation== | | ==Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous Inflammation== |
| − | ===Mandibular Osteomyelitis=== | + | ===[[Mandibular Osteomyelitis]]=== |
| − | [[Image:Lumpyjaw1.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>Lesion caused by Actinomyces Bovis(Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))</center></small>]]
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| − | *"Lumpy jaw"
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| − | ====Clinical====
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| − | *Seen mainly in cattle and exotics caused by ''[[Actinomyces bovis]]'' producing [[Bones Inflammatory - Pathology#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]] of mandible.
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| − | *Mostly young animals.
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| − | *Will not heal without treatment and jaw enlarges until animal cannot eat.
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| − | ====Pathogenesis====
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| − | *Starts as alveolar periostitis of lower cheek [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]], due to ingestion of poor coarse roughage e.g. straw or hay with lots of thistles.
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| − | *Slowly enlarging [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandible (mandibula)|mandible]] (occasionally [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Maxilla|maxilla]]) due to granulomatous inflammation producing much fibrous tissue.
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| − | *No real pus formation but "'''sulphur granules'''" in middle of lesion.
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| − | *Organism causes "'''pyogenic granuloma'''."
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| − | *Can grow to enormous size (e.g. size of grapefruit) and whole of mandible is blown apart by multiple foci of infection.
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| − | <small>Also see:[[Tongue - Pathology#Actinobacillosis|Actinobacillosis - "Wooden Tongue" (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))</small>]]
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| − | ====Pathology====
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| − | 3 major features:
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| − | #Inflammatory removal of bone. As cortex of bone is pushed out by central inflammation produces thinning of bone cortex with proliferation of new periosteal bone. The centre of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandible (mandibula)|mandible]] is eroded forming a honeycomb-like bone. Eventually will erode through bone producing [[Granuloma|granulomatous]] lesion on bottom of [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandible (mandibula)|mandible]] and eventually eroding through skin.
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| − | #Granuloma with micro abscess's in centre with greenish / yellow granules in middle of pus. These granules known as "sulphur bodies". Sulphur body is a colony of tangled mass of Actinomyces filaments. This is surrounded by [[Neutrophils - WikiBlood|neutrophils]] and [[Macrophages - WikiBlood|macrophages]] forming a pyogenic granuloma.
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| − | #Masses of fibrous tissue surround the granuloma and fill the spaces where bone has been destroyed.
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| | ===Odontoclastic resorptive lesions=== | | ===Odontoclastic resorptive lesions=== |