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The disease can then invade a specific organ system resulting in associated clinical signs:
The disease can then invade a specific organ system resulting in associated clinical signs:
'''Opthalmic''': The initial signs are blephrospasm, increased lacrimation, photophobia and corneal oedema, with progression to retinal detachment, synechia formation, and cataracts. Chronic leptospirosis causes recurrent uvietis, typically signs develop 2-8 months after initial infection. Up to 67% of recurrent uveitis cases are due to leptospirosis.
'''Opthalmic''': The initial signs are blephrospasm, increased lacrimation, photophobia and corneal oedema, with progression to retinal detachment, synechia formation, and cataracts. Chronic leptospirosis causes recurrent uvietis, typically signs develop 2-8 months after initial infection. Up to 67% of recurrent uveitis cases are due to leptospirosis. It is not clear whether the recurrent uveitis is immune mediated or due to intraocular bacterial infection.
'''Reproductive''': Leptospirosis can cause abortion, still birth or neonatal disease depending on the serovar and the stage of gestation when infected. Approximately 3-4% of equine abortions are caused by Leptospirosis, and are most frequently late term.
'''Reproductive''': Leptospirosis can cause abortion, still birth or neonatal disease depending on the serovar and the stage of gestation when infected. Approximately 3-4% of equine abortions are caused by Leptospirosis, and are most frequently late term.
Horses with subclinical infections or those in the carrier state are asymptomatic.
Horses with subclinical infections or those in the carrier state are asymptomatic.
===Laboratory Tests==
===Laboratory Tests===
Culture of Leptospira is challenging but can be attempted from urine, blood and aqueous humour in antemortem diagnosis, or from liver, kidney, fetus or placenta in post mortem diagnosis.
Culture of Leptospira is challenging but can be attempted from urine, blood and aqueous humour in antemortem diagnosis, or from liver, kidney, fetus or placenta in post mortem diagnosis.