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==Description==

==Description==

Neonatal isoerythrolysis is a disease of humans and domestic animals and has been observed in newborn cats, horses, pigs, cows and rarely in dogs. It is characterised by immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia due to ingestion of maternal colostral antibody directed against surface antigens on neonatal red blood cells.  The maternal antibodies develop in response to specific foreign blood group antigens during previous pregnancies and unmatched transfusions.   

Neonatal isoerythrolysis is a disease of humans and domestic animals and has been observed in newborn cats, horses, pigs, cows and rarely in dogs. It is characterised by immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia due to ingestion of maternal colostral antibody directed against surface antigens on neonatal red blood cells.  The maternal antibodies develop in response to exposure to specific foreign blood group antigens during previous pregnancies and unmatched transfusions.   

==Pathogenesis==

==Pathogenesis==

===Equine neonatal isoerythrolysis===

===Equine neonatal isoerythrolysis===

In foals, the condition results when a foal inherits red blood cell antigens (which the dam does not have) from its sire. Previous exposure of the mare to these antigens during a previous pregnancy or whole blood transfusion leads to the mare producing alloantibodies to the foal's red blood cells. At birth the foal ingests large numbers of antibodies in the colostrum, leading to severe haemolytic disease. During pregnancy however, the foal is unaffected because blood and antibodies are unable to cross the placenta.  

In foals, the condition results when a foal inherits red blood cell antigens (which the dam does not have) from its sire. Previous exposure of the mare to these antigens during a previous pregnancy or whole blood transfusion leads to the mare producing alloantibodies to the foal's red blood cells. At birth the foal ingests large numbers of antibodies in the colostrum, leading to severe haemolytic disease. During pregnancy however, the foal is unaffected because blood and antibodies are unable to cross the placenta.  

==Clinical signs==

==Clinical signs==