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...eral generations may account for phenotypic variations, however most point mutations are silent i.e. they do not influence the amino acid composition of the cod

...s (knockouts or knockins), and retroviral, proviral, or chemically-induced mutations. ...les to untreated females. The resultant progeny, many of which carry point mutations, are screened for phenotypes of interest.

...o. Several hundred genetic mutations have been associated with HCM. These mutations usually affect genes that encode proteins that are encorporated into contra ...ins C0 and C1, in Ragdolls it is in domain 6. There are likely additional mutations that are yet to be identified in Maine Coon cats, as some cats with phenoty

*Variation can occur either by mutations in their DNA, or by ''lateral gene transfer'':

===Colour mutations=== Mutations are often the two types in combination. However, similar colour changes ca

...by large plasmids carrying resistance genes and also chromosomal genes and mutations. Gentamicin or tobramycin with carbenicillin or ticarcillin, as well as pol

...in a phenotypic change rather than simply a gene alteration. The type of mutations occurring in bacteria are silent, non-sense, mis-sense, frame shift, delet

*CFTR – on cholangiocytes and not on hepatocytes – mutations impair ductular secretion of chloride and water.

...bout he cause of ARVC in cats. In humans and Boxer dogs, ARVC is caused by mutations in various components of the desmosome (necessary for cell-cell adhesion).

Most polymorphisms are point mutations and there are millions of variations in [[Immunoglobulins|antibodies]] and

...lldogs, and Dachshunds<ref name="Brons">Brons AK, et al. SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 mutations in autosomal recessive or dominant canine cystinuria: A new classification

...als. Phenotyping and mutation mapping are time consuming and thousands of mutations are required in a single animal to generate a novel phenotype.

...expressed in non-cytopathic isolates, is cleaved at a site created by the mutations above<ref name="twthree">Meyers, G and Thiel, H J (1996) '''Molecular chara