Difference between revisions of "Psoroptic Mange"
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| − | Caused by [[Psoroptes]] | + | Caused by [[Psoroptes]] |
| − | *Occurs in cattle, sheep, horses, goats, rabbits and other animals | + | *Occurs in cattle, sheep, horses, goats, rabbits and other animals |
| − | *Host-specific | + | *Host-specific |
*[[Psoroptes cuniculi|''Psoroptes cuniculi'']] in ear canals of rabbits, horses, goats and sheep | *[[Psoroptes cuniculi|''Psoroptes cuniculi'']] in ear canals of rabbits, horses, goats and sheep | ||
| − | '''Pathogenesis''' | + | |
| + | '''Pathogenesis''' | ||
| + | |||
*The ears are painful and intensely pruritic | *The ears are painful and intensely pruritic | ||
| Line 13: | Line 15: | ||
*Mites are grossly visible | *Mites are grossly visible | ||
| − | *Histologically, there is chronic erosive and proliferative eosinophilic dermatitis | + | *Histologically, there is chronic erosive and proliferative eosinophilic dermatitis |
**The mites are non-burrowing and thus are found only in the exudate, not in the tissue | **The mites are non-burrowing and thus are found only in the exudate, not in the tissue | ||
| + | <br>'''Diagnosis''' | ||
| − | |||
*Microscopic examination for mites (low magnification) | *Microscopic examination for mites (low magnification) | ||
*Appearance | *Appearance | ||
| + | <br>'''Control''' | ||
| − | + | *Infestations are difficult to eliminate from a colony | |
| − | *Infestations are difficult to eliminate from a colony | ||
**Ivermectin is usually effective. | **Ivermectin is usually effective. | ||
| + | <br> | ||
| − | *[[Psoroptes|''P.equi'']] at base of mane, tail and forelock in horses | + | *[[Psoroptes|''P.equi'']] at base of mane, tail and forelock in horses |
| − | *[[Psoroptes ovis|''P.ovis'']] in sheep ('''sheep scab''')and cattle | + | *[[Psoroptes ovis|''P.ovis'']] in sheep ('''sheep scab''')and cattle |
| − | **Thickened skin and dry scales and crusts | + | **Thickened skin and dry scales and crusts |
| − | **Starts at withers and spreads due to self trauma | + | **Starts at withers and spreads due to self trauma |
| − | **Microscopically: | + | **Microscopically: |
| − | ***Spongiotic, hyperplastic or exudative superficial perivascular dermatitis | + | ***Spongiotic, hyperplastic or exudative superficial perivascular dermatitis |
| − | ***Eosinophils | + | ***Eosinophils |
| + | <br> | ||
| + | === Pathogenesis === | ||
| − | |||
*Economically important ectoparasite of sheep | *Economically important ectoparasite of sheep | ||
| − | *Causes '''sheep scab''' | + | *Causes '''sheep scab''' |
| − | **Wool loss, restlessness, biting, scratching of infested area and decreased productivity through decreased weight gain | + | **Wool loss, restlessness, biting, scratching of infested area and decreased productivity through decreased weight gain |
| − | **Usually seen in '''late autumn''' and '''early winter''' (although may also occur in late summer) | + | **Usually seen in '''late autumn''' and '''early winter''' (although may also occur in late summer) |
| − | **Population numbers decline after shearing due to a change in the micro-climate, then build up again as the fleece grows | + | **Population numbers decline after shearing due to a change in the micro-climate, then build up again as the fleece grows |
**'''Notifiable in UK''' | **'''Notifiable in UK''' | ||
| Line 59: | Line 63: | ||
*Antigenic material in mite faeces can lead to hypersensitivity reactions | *Antigenic material in mite faeces can lead to hypersensitivity reactions | ||
| − | ===Diagnosis=== | + | === Diagnosis === |
| + | |||
*Skin scraping | *Skin scraping | ||
| Line 68: | Line 73: | ||
*Examine under a microscope | *Examine under a microscope | ||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Treatment === | ||
| − | + | *Sheep | |
| − | *Sheep | + | **Plunge dipping; no less than 1 minute and must dip head at lease once |
| − | **Plunge dipping; no less than 1 minute and must dip head at lease once | ||
**Can treat with avermectins or milbemycins by injection | **Can treat with avermectins or milbemycins by injection | ||
| − | *Cattle, horses and rabbits | + | *Cattle, horses and rabbits |
| − | **No licensed product for horses in the UK | + | **No licensed product for horses in the UK |
**Cattle and rabbits can be treated with avermectins, milbemycins or topical acaricides | **Cattle and rabbits can be treated with avermectins, milbemycins or topical acaricides | ||
| − | + | To_Do_-_Kate [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Mite_Infections]] | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | [[Category: | ||
Revision as of 11:38, 1 March 2011
Caused by Psoroptes
- Occurs in cattle, sheep, horses, goats, rabbits and other animals
- Host-specific
- Psoroptes cuniculi in ear canals of rabbits, horses, goats and sheep
Pathogenesis
- The ears are painful and intensely pruritic
- Affected rabbits shake their heads and scratch their ears
- The inner surfaces of the pinnae are covered with brown, scaly, fetid material, and the skin beneath is raw
- Mites are grossly visible
- Histologically, there is chronic erosive and proliferative eosinophilic dermatitis
- The mites are non-burrowing and thus are found only in the exudate, not in the tissue
Diagnosis
- Microscopic examination for mites (low magnification)
- Appearance
Control
- Infestations are difficult to eliminate from a colony
- Ivermectin is usually effective.
- P.equi at base of mane, tail and forelock in horses
- P.ovis in sheep (sheep scab)and cattle
- Thickened skin and dry scales and crusts
- Starts at withers and spreads due to self trauma
- Microscopically:
- Spongiotic, hyperplastic or exudative superficial perivascular dermatitis
- Eosinophils
Pathogenesis
- Economically important ectoparasite of sheep
- Causes sheep scab
- Wool loss, restlessness, biting, scratching of infested area and decreased productivity through decreased weight gain
- Usually seen in late autumn and early winter (although may also occur in late summer)
- Population numbers decline after shearing due to a change in the micro-climate, then build up again as the fleece grows
- Notifiable in UK
- Mites found under scabs and in skin folds
- Lesions most common on flanks, neck, back and shoulders
- Causes pruritic condition of cattle
- Active in keratin layer
- Mouthparts abrade the skin
- Antigenic material in mite faeces can lead to hypersensitivity reactions
Diagnosis
- Skin scraping
- KOH added
- Warm slide over a bunsen flame
- Examine under a microscope
Treatment
- Sheep
- Plunge dipping; no less than 1 minute and must dip head at lease once
- Can treat with avermectins or milbemycins by injection
- Cattle, horses and rabbits
- No licensed product for horses in the UK
- Cattle and rabbits can be treated with avermectins, milbemycins or topical acaricides
To_Do_-_Kate