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|pagetitle =Streptococcus species

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|contenttitle =Content

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<categorytree mode=pages>Streptococcus species</categorytree>

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===Overview===

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*Haemolytic streptococci of Lancefield group C are common inhabitants of the equine nasopharynx

*''Streptococcus zooepidemicus'' and ''S. equisimilis'' are usually non-pathogenic

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*Involved in [[~~Peritoneal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology~~#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]], [[~~Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology#~~Pyothorax ~~(Thoracic empyema)~~|pyothorax]], [[~~Bones Inflammatory - Pathology#~~Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]], [[~~Cavity & Gingiva - Pathology#Catarrhal~~ Stomatitis|catarrhal stomatitis]]

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*Involved in [[Peritonitis#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]], [[Pyothorax|pyothorax]], [[Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]], [[Stomatitis|catarrhal stomatitis]]

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*In infectious [[~~Joints Inflammatory - Pathology~~#In Sheep|arthritis of sheep]], [[~~Joints Inflammatory - Pathology~~#In Cattle|arthritis in calves]], [[~~Joints Inflammatory - Pathology~~#In Horses|arthritis in horses]] and [[~~Joints Inflammatory - Pathology~~#In Pigs|arthritis in pigs]]

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*In infectious [[Infectious Arthritis#In Sheep|arthritis of sheep]], [[Infectious Arthritis#In Cattle|arthritis in calves]], [[Infectious Arthritis#In Horses|arthritis in horses]] and [[Infectious Arthritis#In Pigs|arthritis in pigs]]

*Often commensals on mucous membranes of upper respiratory and lower urogenital tract

*Opportunistic infections

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===~~Pathogensis~~ and Pathogenicity===

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===Pathogenesis and Pathogenicity===

*Beta-haemolytic strains more pathogenic than alpha-haemolytic strains

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~~[[Streptococcus equi subsp. equi]]~~

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'''in sheep'''

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*[[:Category:Streptococcus species|'''''Streptococcus'' spp.''']]

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**Commonly cause suppurative polyarthritis in lambs

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**Naval infection -> bacteriamia -> polyarthritis

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***May also cause blindness and nervous signs if uvea or meninges are affected

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**Larger joints are more afected

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***May spread to other organs

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~~===~~''~~Streptococcus suis~~''~~===~~

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'''in cattle'''

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*Meningitis, arthritis, septicaemia and [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Streptococcal pneumonia|pneumonia]] of pigs

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*Sporadic cases of endocarditis, neonatal deaths and abortion

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*Carried in tonsils and nasal cavity of carrier pigs

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*Outbreaks occur in intensively-reared herds with poor hygiene

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*Carrier sows infect litters causing neonatal deaths

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*Meningitis with fever, tremors, incoordination, opisthotonos and convulsions

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*Treatment with penicillin; prophylactic long-acting penicillin for sows and piglets

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*Suppurative conditions in cattle, sheep, horses, cats

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*Septicaemia and meningitis in humans

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*Neonatal polyarthritis by:

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***Via umbilicus

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***Also involves eyes and meninges

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~~===Bovine streptococcal mastitis===~~

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[[Category:Bacterial Organisms]]

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[[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]]

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*''S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae'' and ''S. uberis'' primarily cause mastitis

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[[Category:Cocci]]

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*Also ''S. pyogenes, S. zooepidemicus'' and ''Enterococcus faecalis'' can be involved

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[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]

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*''S. agalactiae'' colonises milk ducts causing persistent infections with acute outbreaks

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*''S. dysgalactiae'' found in the oral cavity and on the skin of the udder causes acute mastitis

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*''S. uberis'' inhabits normal skin, tonsils and vaginal mucosa, and causes mastitis without systemic signs

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*Cause inflammation of mammary tissue and clots form in milk

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*Milk samples are cultured on blood agar, Edward's medium and MacConkey agar for diagnosis

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~~===''S. equisimilis''===~~

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*Found on skin and vagina of horses

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*Causes abscesses, endometritis and mastitis in horses

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*Suppurative conditions in pigs, cattle, dogs, birds

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~~===''S. zooepidemicus''===~~

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*Colonises mucous membranes

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*Causes mastitis, pneumonia, [[~~Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology|sinusitis]] and navel infections in horses~~

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*''S. zooepidemicus'' can cause similar signs to [[Respiratory Bacterial ~~Infections - Pathology#Strangles|strangles in horses]] and may accompany [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)|COPD~~]]

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*Secondary invador after [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Equine influenza|equine influenza]]

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*Colonises skin and mucous membranes of cattle, lambs, pigs and poultry and causes suppurative infections and septicaemia

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* Can cause vascular fragility, leading to [[Haemostasis - Pathology#Haemorrhagic Disease Due To Vascular Fragility|haemorrhagic disease]]

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~~===''Enterococcus faecalis''===~~

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*Colonises intestinal tract

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*Causes opportunistic suppurative infections in many species

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~~===''S. canis''===~~

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*Found in vagina and anal mucosa of carnivores

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*Neonatal septicaemia, suppurative infections, toxic shock syndrome

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*In [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Deep pyoderma|deep pyoderma]] and subcutaneous abscesses

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~~===''S. pneumoniae''===~~

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*Found in upper respiratory tract of primates

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*Causes septicaemia, pneumonia and meningitis

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*Pneumonia in guinea-pigs and rats

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~~===''S. porcinus''===~~

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*Submandibular lymphadenitis in pigs

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[[Category:~~Bacteria~~]][[Category:~~Gram_positive_bacteria~~]][[Category:~~Cocci~~]]

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Revision as of 16:33, 3 March 2011